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529 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carhart Notch appears at 2,000 Hz. BC test results are poorer than the actual sensorineural response in the low frequencies. Caucasion middle aged women are most at risk, worse for pregnant women. |
Otosclerosis
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Separates scala vestibuli and cochlear duct (scala media)
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Reissnners membrane
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Separates scala tympani and cochlear duct (scala media)
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Basilar membrane
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Large perforation of the tympanic membrane can cause how many dB loss
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Commonly 30 dB
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What hearing loss is often favorable to medical treatment
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Conductive
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___ si good to find hearing loss. ___ and SRT are within 5 to 10 dB difference
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PTA
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Parallel vent in a non-occluding earmold enhances what frequencies
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High frequencies
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What durable, easly modified earmold material is most commonly used
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Lucite acrylic
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Functional gain provides comparison between
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unaided and aided output
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SIE or RIC emphasizes what frequency due to the large and or open vent
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High frequency
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Tympanogram: Significant negative pressure and normal mobility
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Type C
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Tympanogram: Restricted tympanic membrane mobility. (otitis media)
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Type B
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Tympanogram: Normal middle ear pressure but reduced mobility. (fixation of the ossicles)
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Type As
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Tympanogram: Normal middle ear pressure but hypermobility
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Type Ad
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Non-organic loss shows a acoustic reflex test of how many dB
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5 dB
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What vent modifies low frequency and in non-occluding earmold enhances high frequency
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Parallel vent
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Causes of an absent acoustic reflex
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Facial nerve problem, bilateral conductive loss, severe and profound sensorineural loss
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What does a 5.00 cc measurement of the static compliance indicate
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Perforation of the tympanic membrane
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Hearing test for children using lights or pictures
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Behavioral observation
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What Hz range is speech recognition in
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1,000 to 10,000 Hz
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Earmold Functions:
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Seal the ear to prevent acoustic feedback, hold tube to the ear firmly, cosmetically appealing
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Best candidate for non-occluding earmold
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Unilateral loss
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What frequencies does the venting technique effect
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Below 1,000 Hz
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What frequencies does acoustic modification effect
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1,000 to 3,000 Hz
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What frequency range do most hearing aids produce
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100 to 8,000 Hz
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What is the major source of noise in hearing aids
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Receiver
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What are the types of aided feedback
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Acoustic, Mechanical, Magnetic
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LDFR (level dependent frequency response) automatically changes
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Gain and frequency
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Cross fitting uses what type of earmold
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Non-occluding
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What is a clear indication of a sensorineural loss
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AC & BC are almost the same
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Retrocochlear loss signs
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Poorer WRS, no acoustic reflex, unilateral loss.
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Conductive loss signs
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Flat configuration, ABG, absent acoustic reflex
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OSHA noise exposure levels
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90 dB - 8hrs, 95 dB - 4hrs, 100 dB - 2hrs, 105 dB - 1hr, 115 dB - 15min, 120 dB - 7.5min
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Subjective acoustic sensation, no cure, surgical or medical intervention is used for the treatment
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Tinnitus
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Electro mechanical transducer
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Receiver
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What type of microphone is a FET that has a tolerance for temperature and humidity
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Ceramic microphone
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Conductive loss signs
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UCL is high and absent acoustic reflex
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Occlusion effect characteristics
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Occures in low frequencies at 250, 500, 1,000 Hz, not common in conductive loss, Osseotympanic bone conduction is related
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Complex noise is concentrated in what frequency
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Low frequency
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Cross earmold is recommended for what type of hearing loss
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Mild to moderate and high frequency loss
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Skeleton earmold is recommended for what type of hearing loss
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Mild to severe
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Canal - lok earmold is recommended for what type of hearing loss
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Mild to moderate
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Shell earmold is recommended for what type of hearing loss
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Severe to profound
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Immittance test max output is
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70 dB
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Transducer that converts electrical evergy to acoutstic energy
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Receiver
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What is the main purpose of an external vent
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To reduce the occlusion effect
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CIC, the mic is placed closely to the tympanic membrane for
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Natural high frequency emphasis
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Is it the microphone or the receiver that produces the sound
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Receiver
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What is the regular gian in SIE or RIC
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20 dB
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How can you find non-organic loss
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Through audiometric testing
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What is the best way to find a unilateral non-organic loss
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Stenger test
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Is the microphone or the receiver a output transducer
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The receiver
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What are the impression material factors
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Acoustic, physical, tubing and earhook
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What frequencies are modified by the horn effect
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Above 3,000 Hz
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Vent modification: Tinny or high sound
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Increase the vent size
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Vent modification: Small sound
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Decrease the vent size
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Low pitch whistling created due to the close distance between the mic and receiver(vibration)
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Mechanical feedback
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AGC, high intensive signals are amplified less than the weak signals that lead to less clipping and distorion
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Compression
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What fitting is good for unilateral loss of speech intelligibility, unilateral hearing loss of less localization, unilateral loss of less understanding of voice in the noise environment
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CROS fitting
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Microphone used in modern aids for directionality
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Electret microphone
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Electrical component that blocks or impedes high frequency
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Inductor
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What frequencies are effected by the occlusion effect
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Below 1,000 Hz
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A sudden drop audiogram is not accurate for calculating
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PTA
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WRS facts
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90 - 100% is normal, below 50% is very low, WRS is relatively useful
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Earmold material: Good for most allergy cases
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Lucite(Poly methyl methacrylate)
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Earmold material: Flexable, good for allergy cases
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Silicone
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Earmold material: Hard, good for severe allergy cases
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Polyethyle
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Tympanogram: Normal middle ear pressure buy hypermobility. Indicative of a flaccid tympanic membrane due to disarticulation of the ossicular chain or partial atrophy of the eardrum
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Type Ad
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Monosyllabic words composed of three phonemes
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CNC words
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What material is used for SRT
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Spondaic Words
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Rapid monotonous, unemotional speech
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Cold running speech
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Material used for SRT test
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Spondaic Words
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Programmable hearing aid class with single channel and single memory
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Class 1
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Programmable hearing aid class with single channel and multiple memory
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Class 2
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Programmable hearing aid class with multiple channel and single memory
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Class 3
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What is the most advanced memory
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Electrically erasable programmable read only memory
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Capacitors and Inductors are measured in
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Ohms
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Integrated Circuit components
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Trasistors, capacitors, resistors
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Class B push-pull amplification charictoristics
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More power, more battery consumption, more gain
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How many dB to double the sound intensity
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6 dB
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How many dB SPL increase to get about a two times loudness increase in our perception
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10 dB SPL
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How do you decrease the occlusion effect due to insertion loss
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Decrease the low frequency
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What is the least favorable audiogram shape
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Sharp falling in the low frequencies
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What frequency is attenuated by the shadow effect
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High frequency
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CIC can decrease wind noise by
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23 dB
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Noise induced loss effects what frequencies
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3,000 - 6,000 Hz
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What are the immittance test components
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Air pump, amp, oscillator
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What is tympanometry main purpose
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To check the compliance of the eardrum
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relationship between dynamic range and conductive loss
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Same dynamic range with the normal
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How does conductive loss effect MCL
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MCL moves upward than the normal
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Wave created by the alteration of compression and rarefraction in the elastic medium
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Sine
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Tuning fork test to check whether the BC tone is heard in the R or L ear (localization of the ear)
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Weber test
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What material is used for WRS
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PB word list
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Two-syllable word with equal stress on each syllable, used in SRT testing
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Spondee
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Filtered broad band noise designed to simulate the long-term average spectrum of conversational speech, used in masking during speech audiometry
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Speech noise
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Measure of speech audiometry that assesses a client's ability to identify one-syllable words presented at hearing levels that are above threshold
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Word recognition (WR) score
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Words with one syllable
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Monosyllabic words
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Word list in which the sounds represented occur proportionally to their occurrence in spoken English
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Phonetically balanced word list
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Percentage of speech understood at a variety of intensity levels from near threshold to well above threshold
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Performance intensity (PI)
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Phenomenon that occurs when increasing intensity results in decreasing word recognition, the formula is PB Max - PB Min/PB Max, values at 0.25 to 0.45 can be significant for retrocochlear pathology
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PI rollover
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Auditory dysfunction that is beyond the cochlea in the auditory nerve or brain stem
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Retrocochlear pathology
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Broad spectrum noise sometimes used in masking during speech audiometry
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White noise
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Material used for WRS
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PB word list
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Measurement of the pressure compliance in the tympanic membrane
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Tympanometry
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The impedance that is independent from the frequency
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Resistance
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What does the acoustic reflex show in a cochlear leasion
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Lower than the usual sensation level
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The static compliance of otosclerosis
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Average
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What is the acoustic reflex in a conductive loss
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Absenct acoustic reflex
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Disorder that causes less tolerance for loud sounds by someone who has tinnitus
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Hyperacusis
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What material is used in SDT(speech detection threshold)
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Cold running speech
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Phon:
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A unit of the perceived loudness of sounds.
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Most useful frequencies in speech intelligibility
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2,000 - 5,000 Hz
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How many hair cells in the organ of corti
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3,000 - 4,000 hair cells
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A sound which is generated from within the inner ear. (OAE)
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Otoacoustic emission
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10 dB increase =
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2 times of loudness
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Cochlear pathology is related to:
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Loundness recruitment
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What membrane in the cochlea are the outer hair cells embedded
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The tectorial membrane
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Most common cause of hearing loss in post-natal period
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Measles
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Measurement of pitch
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Mel
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Effect from mild to moderate loss
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Defensive attitude toward hearing loss, voice louder or quieter than normal people, talk very subjectively
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What earmold reduces the occlusion effect, great for the unilateral hearing loss, good for chronic drainage
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Non-occluding earmold
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AC need to mask formula
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ACte - IA >= BCnte
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Tuning fork test where the stem is held against the forehead, frequency must be specified, hearing better ear in sensorineural hearing loss
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Weber tuning fork test
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Correct amount of masking crosses over and leads to invalide results
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Masking dilemma
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What class of amplification has an output limiting circuit with peak clipping
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Class A
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Mastoid BC testing disadvantages
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Poor test reliability, most likely affected by middle ear conditions, more affected by bone vibrator pressure
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BC test frequency range
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250 - 4,000 Hz
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IA for supra aural(on the ear) headphone for AC:
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Ave 55 (min 40 dB)
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Controls the sound intensity associated with feedback circuit
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AGC
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The microphone is a:
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Input transducer
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What fitting is good for a unilateral loss
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CROS fitting
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What kind of distortion is caused by mechanical stress of the hearing aid
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Harmonic distortion
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Higher rate in males, more severe in males, probably bilateral hearing loss
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Noise induced loss
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Descending order in the audiometric testing:
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Decrease stimulus 10 dB and increase 5 dB until reaching the threshold
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Audiometric finding used as an evaluation variable by the government
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PTA
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What is the reason for the BC test
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To find the abnormality of the middle ear
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Cannot protect against very excessive sound,most conductive losses shows no or less of this
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Acoustic reflex
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Retrocochlear impairment result in hearing loss screening:
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Absent acoustic reflex, very low unilateral WRS, unilateral sensorineural loss
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What is the most unwanted acoustic flaw
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Acoustic feedback
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If sound from the hearing aid is not loud enough
|
Reduce vent size
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Absence of the auricle, a rare, congenital deformity, a missing auricle, the external, visible part of the ear
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Anotia
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A congenital deformity where the pinna (external ear) is underdeveloped
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Microtia
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The patient says they hear their own voice to loud or complains of "head in a barrel" hearing
|
Autophony
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Unit of power
|
Watt
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Unit of measurement of pitch
|
Mel
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How much SP is enhanced by the middle ear structure
|
27 dB
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Number of outer hair cells in the organ of corti
|
12,000
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In behavioral test, what hearing loss results in hyper recruitment and recruitment
|
Cochlear hearing loss
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Earmold for severe and profound loss
|
Full shell earmold
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Earmold for mild to moderate loss
|
Skeleton
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Earmold for mild and moderate with high frequency loss
|
CROS
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What hearing aid eliminates occlusion effect
|
Open-fit hearing aids
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Hearing aid eliminates the natural resonance
|
Insertion loss
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What loss does the patient hear well in noisy places
|
Conductive loss
|
|
Treatments for otitis media
|
Antibiotics, surgery, pus removal
|
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What position of the eustachain tube can cause "head in a barrel" sensation
|
Open all the time
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Where does the final stage of hearing take place
|
Organ of corti
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Very rare in children, progressive conductive loss, two times more in females that in males
|
Otosclerosis
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What loss commonly shows a high level of UCL
|
Conductive loss
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In hearing aids, what component produces the most noise
|
The receiver
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This circuit changes the gain and frequency together
|
(LDFR) level dependent frequency response
|
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What hearing loss can cause a patient to talk loud in noisy places
|
Sensorineural loss
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What hearing loss has the greatest problem with overmasking
|
Unilateral conductive loss
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Formula for effective masking level below 1,000 Hz
|
EM = ACnte + OE
Effective Masking = Air Conduction non test ear + Occlusion Effect |
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Rollover ratio formula in WRT test
|
Rollover ratio = PB Min/PB Max
|
|
Evoked potential appears 75 msec ofter a large peak at 300 msec of the latency
|
Auditory event-related
Latency: measure of time delay experienced in a system |
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Narrowest pass-way between the scala vestibule and scala tympani. Main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds.
|
Helicotrema
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BC threshold test at the forehead advantages
|
Improved test reliability
|
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Non-organic test, sends two different intensities of the same frequency to both ears
|
Stenger test
|
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What is the size of the adult cochlea
|
1cm wide and 5mm high
|
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Two syllable words containing equal stress on both syllables, used in SRT test
|
Spondaic words
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Tuning-fork test, compares the sensitivity by BC to AC
|
Rhine test
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During what testing is undermasking more likely to occur
|
Air conduction
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What microphone has all the frequencies of speech but not the good response in very low and very high frequencies
|
Magnetic microphone
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Tympanogram: Shows interrupted ossicular chain and high static compliance
|
Type Ad
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Tympanogram: Showing fluid in the middle ear
|
Type B
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Tuning-fork test to find a localization of the ear
|
Weber test
|
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What is the result of the interaural attenuation increasing during the masking procedure
|
Masking plateau becomes wider
|
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Amperage, resistance, and voltage are base unit measurements of
|
Electricity
|
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Causes of cochlear nuclei disorder
|
Ototoxic, excessive pressure, trauma
|
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What kind of battery has great price advantage, poor storage life, low energy density, 1.5 volts
|
Zinc-air battery
|
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What is the frequency range normal people can listen to
|
20 - 20,000 Hz
|
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At audiometric zero what frequencies can be hear
|
All frequencies
|
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Does the occlusion effect occur in BC or AC
|
Bone conduction
|
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Certain harmonics are relatively loud in the sounds spectrum, spectral peaks of the sound spectrum of the voice
|
Formants
|
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What is a blocked ear canal called
|
Atresia
|
|
UCL procedure
|
Seat the patient facing you, start at 70 dB, watch the patients face and eyes for reaction
|
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What is the initial effective masking level in AC testing
|
AC of the none test ear
|
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What is the natural resonant frequency the external ear generates
|
2,700 Hz
|
|
2 sounds are present simultaneously. When a soft sound and loud sound are present simultaneously. The soft sound is masked by the louder sound
|
Upward spread of masking
|
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What is the IA for insert receiver for the AC test
|
AVE 85 dB (min 70 dB)
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What happens when a low frequency tone is distributed along the basilar membrane
|
It initiates a neural response for a high frequency
|
|
A preceding loud sound masks out a soft sound that follows
|
Temporal masking
|
|
Otoacoustic emissions occurring whit out external stimulus. Unit of subjective loudness, equal to 40 phons
|
SONE
|
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Test performed to determine recruitment with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. If recruitment shows it is cochlear loss
|
(ABLB) Alternating binaural loudness balance
|
|
Muscle contraction around the eyes in response to a loud noise
|
Auropalpebral reflex
|
|
Hearing test that verifies localization of sound for children with visual reinforcement by head movement
|
Condition orientation reflex
|
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What level of hearing loss do we see if the patient has no auricle
|
No hearing loss
|
|
What is the external canal natural resonance
|
2,000 - 5,000 Hz
|
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What is the initial effective masking level in BC test below 1,000 Hz
|
AC of non test ear plus the occlusion effect
|
|
Narrow passage in external canal that is the beginning of the temporal bone
|
Isthmus
|
|
Common characteristics of severe sensorineural loss
|
AC configuration is sloping, ABG not present, acoustic reflex is present
|
|
Most common configuration in a sensorineural loss
|
Sloping
|
|
Common characteristics of a conductive loss
|
Acoustic reflex absent, usually good WRS, wide dynamic range
|
|
Another name for Menieres disease
|
Endolymphatic hydrops
|
|
Masking dilemma characteristics
|
Can occur in the bilateral conductive loss, false thresholds are created, occurs commonly with otosclerosis and other bilateral conductive disorders.
When the BC thresholds are within normal limits, bilaterally and the AC thresholds, bilaterally are 40 dB or more poorer than the BC threshold, then proper masking rules and procedures create over-masking. An over-masking situation occurs from the start of the attempt to mask which is known as a "masking dilemma" |
|
What class uses the push - pull amplification
|
Class B
|
|
What amplification class is reliable, has good power and sound quality
|
Class D
|
|
Characteristics of hearing loss we can find in a diagnostic hearing test
|
Cause, duration, degree
|
|
What is the frequency range of the audiometer
|
125 - 8,000 Hz
|
|
What is the first step in audiometric testing
|
Check for collapsed ear canal
|
|
What noise is generally used for masking, its acoustic energy is the same with pure tone, not good for pure tone test
|
Narrow band noise
|
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This is the point when the hearing aid output is apart from the linearity to the compression
|
Compression knee point
|
|
Another word for fitting
|
Adaptation
|
|
When taking an ear impression you find a small perforation of the tympanic membrane, what should you do
|
Continue the normal impression procedure
|
|
What masking material can be used for the word recognition test
|
CNC words, cold running speech
|
|
Tympanogram: Shows fluid in the middle ear
|
Type B
|
|
What vent modifies low frequency without affecting high frequency with great acoustic integrity
|
Parallel vent
|
|
End part of the malleus that is embedded in the tympanic membrane
|
Manubrium
|
|
How much larger is the vibrating area of the tympanic membrane compared to the oval window
|
17 times larger
|
|
Tympanometry typical air pressure range
|
+200 daPa to - 400 daPa
|
|
Tuning-fork test that examines the occlusion effect that finds any conductive loss
|
Bing test
|
|
Insert receivers minimum Ineraural attenuation level
|
70 dB
|
|
What attaches the incus and neck of malleus
|
Tensor tympani
|
|
Acoustic immittance tester components
|
Air pump, speaker, microphone
|
|
Is the acoustic reflex present or absent in a mild conductive hearing loss
|
Present
|
|
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test equipment
|
Normal PC, amplifier, scalp electrodes
|
|
A flat tympanogram shows what disorder
|
Middle ear disorder
|
|
What is the knowles electronic manikin and 2 cc hard wall couple used to measure
|
The aids performance
|
|
What microphone improves localization and reduces background noise
|
Electret directional microphone
|
|
The pinna helps in
|
Localization of sounds
|
|
endolymph composition
|
Sodium, potassium, chloride
|
|
What disease has a sudden unilateral loss with vertigo
|
Meniere's disease
|
|
Non-organic loss most common finding
|
No match between PTA and SRT
|
|
SSPL calculation
|
1,000 + 1,600 + 2,500 Hz divided by 3
|
|
CIC hearing aids characteristics
|
Shorter fitting time, max gain limited, not good for profound loss
|
|
SPL and HL relationship
|
20 dB SPL = 0 dB HL
|
|
Dynamic range and sensorineural loss relationship
|
Narrow dynamic range than normal
|
|
MCL and sensorineural loss relationship
|
MCL same with normal
|
|
Why is UCL hard to find in severe conductive loss
|
Because UCL moves upward in the audiogram
|
|
What is the quality of sound
|
Timbre
|
|
What is the strongest sound pressure in normal ears
|
1,000 dyne/cm2
|
|
A measurement of dyne/cm2 in sound pressure
|
Microbar
|
|
Child illness most common cause of unilateral sensorineural loss
|
Mumps
|
|
Abnormal narrowing in a tubular organ or structure
|
Stenosis
|
|
Serous effusion causes a loss in what frequency
|
Low frequency
|
|
What class amplification do in the ear (ITE) hearing aids use that has a longer battery life, higher distortion and peak clipping
|
Class A
|
|
What is the 2 cc couple or manikin KEMAR(Knowles Electronic Manikin for Acoustic Research) performance test a substitute for
|
For the real ear
|
|
What hearing loss do individuals talk soft and hear better in a noisy environment
|
Conductive loss
|
|
Definition of audiometric zero
|
Lowest intensity most common people can hear all frequencies
|
|
Cold running speech is used for
|
speech detection threshold(SDT), MCL, uncomfortable loudness in WRT
|
|
Overmasking in word recognition test(WRT) happens mostly in what hearing loss
|
Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
|
|
In acoustic reflex test the reflex is decay what is this finding
|
Retrocochlear lesion
|
|
In AC testing when do you mask the better ear
|
When there is a 40 dB difference in both ears
|
|
What material is used for speech recognition threshold(SRT)
|
Spondaic words
|
|
Word recognition score purpose
|
Find the degree of hearing loss for speech, site of lesion
|
|
The number of neurons in the human auditory system
|
30,000
|
|
Rapid movement of the eyes
|
Nystagmus
|
|
Purpose of insert earphones in BC testing
|
Prevent overmasking
|
|
Number of inner hair cells in the organ of corti
|
4,000
|
|
ANSI minimum noise level of test environment of AC test
|
40 dB
|
|
Narrow band noise advantage
|
More comfortable to listen to
|
|
Most important factors in testing procedure for UCL
|
Patients body and facial response
|
|
WRT(word recognition test)
|
Good WRT patient will get good benefit from hearing aids, use PB words, start test at 40 dB
|
|
Most important factor when performing immittance test
|
Airtight seal
|
|
What hearing loss shows good word recognition and some degree of loss
|
Conductive hearing loss
|
|
How deep should impression material be when making a CIC impression
|
At least 2 mm beyond the second bend
|
|
What amplifier class has one channel with 2 memories
|
Class 2
|
|
A/D converter utilize higher bit rates in digital hearing aids. What is the effect
|
Produce more original sound, produce more dynamic range
|
|
In the automatic signal processing circuit, what is the best description of "compression"
|
Any amplified signal resides in the dynamic range
|
|
Real ear measurement by probe microphone, where should the probe be placed
|
With in 5 mm from the tympanic membrane
|
|
What is the voltage of hearing aids
|
1.3 v
|
|
Energy concentration surrounding certain frequencies is called a
|
Formant
|
|
Weakest sound pressure in normal ear
|
0.002 dyne/cm2
|
|
What type of microphone has a broad response range without a feedback problem
|
Electret
|
|
If a patient's (WRS) word recognition score's are poor, what area should be adjusted to enhance word recognition ability
|
Gain, slope, frequency
|
|
Normal characteristics of the eardrum
|
Translucent, white to grey color, attached to malleus
|
|
At what speed does sound travel in the air
|
1130 f/sec
|
|
The SRT and PTA are correlated. What threshold variation can we expect if the pure tone thresholds are not fluctuated
|
5 dB
|
|
During or after the otoscopic inspection in the ear canal, if the client asks the results, how should you handle the question
|
Do not mention the findings
|
|
Advantage in testing the mastoid in the bone conduction test
|
Getting better (lower) auditory threshold
|
|
Type of compression method keeping the output below the knee point independently from the volume control
|
Input compression
|
|
What type of hearing loss is suitable for a contralateral routing of signal (CROS) fitting
|
Unilateral hearing loss with low SRT
|
|
Masking formula for SRT
|
SRT te >= IA lowest BC nte
|
|
Nerve system in the brain creates 5 to 10 dB lower thresholds by the presentation of the noise in the non-test ear. What phenomenon is this
|
Central masking
|
|
Relationship between (SDT) speech detection threshold and (SRT) speech recognition threshold
|
SRT is 10 dB higher that the SDT
|
|
Best noise used for masking (SRT) speech reception threshold and (WRT) word recognition test
|
Broadband noise
|
|
In acoustic reflex test, what kind of hearing loss can we see if the acoustic reflex is elevated
|
Mild conductive hearing loss
|
|
If a patient show acoustic reflex, what type of hearing loss or condition may we anticipate
|
Sensorineural hearing loss, facial nerve malfunction
|
|
Tympanogram: Patient shows otosclerosis
|
Type As
|
|
The muscle that attaches to the malleus, which impedes the movement of the bone
|
Tensor tympani
|
|
Even normal people without any hearing loss speak louder in a noisy place. What phenomenon is this
|
Lombard voice reflex
|
|
What organ is supporting the scala media
|
Spiral ligament
|
|
Specific organ that supplies the nutrients and oxygen to the cochlea
|
Stria vascularis
|
|
Causes of meniere's disease
|
Inner ear infection, blow to the head, Allergy (to food)
|
|
What is a good test to find non-organic hearing loss
|
Stenger test: a test for detecting simulation of unilateral hearing impairment, in which a tone below the admitted threshold is presented to the test ear and a tone of lesser intensity is presented to the other ear. If the subject is feigning a hearing loss, the lesser tone cannot be appreciated.
|
|
A test for detecting simulation of unilateral hearing impairment, in which a tone below the admitted threshold is presented to the test ear and a tone of lesser intensity is presented to the other ear. If the subject is feigning a hearing loss, the lesser tone cannot be appreciated.
|
Stenger test
|
|
Type of battery that has long life, no warm up time needed, and 2% loss per year in storage
|
Zinc-air
|
|
Materials used for (WRT) word recognition test
|
PB word list, CNC words, Sentence test
|
|
Unit of pressure equal to 1 newton per meter square
|
Pascal
|
|
Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second
|
Hertz
|
|
Another name for automatic gain control in hearing aids
|
Automatic volume control
|
|
Venting effects what frequency range
|
Low frequency
|
|
Damping effects what frequency range
|
Mid range frequency
|
|
Horn effect effects what frequency range
|
High frequency
|
|
CIC fitting, placing the receiver more closely to the eardrum increases the head room in the ear canal. What is the benefit for this placement of the receiver
|
Undistorted sound with less gain
|
|
In early stages of otosclerosis, what type of audiogram can we find in the audiometric test
|
Low frequency hearing loss
|
|
Treatment for meniere's disease
|
Placebo effect, sedatives, surgical approach to relieve the endolymphic fluid
|
|
Tests to verify non-organic hearing loss
|
Stenger test, lombard test, doerfler-stewart test
|
|
Best description of otitis media
|
Infection of the mucous membrane int eh middle ear
|
|
Where the outer hair cells are attached in the inner ear
|
Tectorial membrane
|
|
Where does the organ of corti reside in the cochlea duct
|
Scala media
|
|
Most common symptom if the vestibular mechanism is damaged or has any disorder
|
Vertigo
|
|
Best description of vertigo
|
True sensation of turning
|
|
Methods to reduce or to eliminate acoustic feedback
|
Reduce vent size on the earmold, use damping material, reduce high frequency output
|
|
Consequences of too much low frequency output from a hearing aid
|
Less speech intelligibility, occlusion effect, blending high frequency
|
|
Modifications of the earmold to enhance acoustic quality
|
Modify vent size, insert dampers, shorten the canal length
|
|
If sound is tiny from a hearing aid, what king of earmold modification is needed
|
Make a larger vent
|
|
Logical foundation of the fourier theory in the sense of hearing in the inner ear
|
Inner ear acts as a frequency analyzer
|
|
Benefit of the acoustic reflex test
|
Verification tool for the bone conduction test
|
|
Consequences of sensorineural hearing loss
|
Poor word recognition score(WRS), recruitment, tinnitus, narrow dynamic range
|
|
If a patient complains that their own voice is too loud when using hearing aids, what is the first adjustment you need to do
|
Decrease low frequency, increase earmold vent size
|
|
Rules of masking for air conduction testing
|
Mask for AC testing whenever a difference of 40 dB or more occurs between the AC threshold of the better ear and the air or bone conduction threshold of the poorer ear. ALWAYS mask when there is a 40 dB or more difference between the AC of the better ear and the air conduction of the poorer ear
|
|
Stapedius and tensor tympani are two middle ear muscles jointed with the ossicles. What are their main functions
|
Connectors of the ossicles, reduce excessive sound to the inner ear, sound amplification
|
|
What fitting can reduce the head shadow effect
|
CROS fitting
|
|
Good test for the hearing screening and inner ear functionality for school children and newborn babies
|
(OAE) otoacoustic emission
|
|
(REUR) real ear unaided response:
|
Formal Definition: SLP, as a function of frequency, at a specified measurement point in the ear canal, for a specified sound field, with the ear canal unoccluded.
Informal Definition: The SPL, across frequencies, measured in the open (unaided) ear canal for a given input signal. |
|
(REAR) real ear aided response:
|
Formal Definition: SPL, as a function of frequency, at a specified measurement point in the ear canal for a specified sound field, with the hearing aid (and its acoustic coupling) in place and turned on.
|
|
An angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. The vector from an observer (origin) to a point of interest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane; the angle between the projected vector and a reference vector on the reference plane is called the
|
Azimuth
|
|
(REUG) real ear unaided gain:
|
The gain provided by the pinna and the ear canal with consequent head diffraction effects as measured in the ear canal. Subtract the input signal level from the REUR across frequencies to obtain the REUG.
|
|
How is it done? (REUR/REUG)
|
1.Conduct otoscopic examination.
2.Place probe tube in the ear canal, with end of tube at appropriate distance from the intertragal notch (e.g., within 5 mm of the eardrum). 3.Place patient at appropriate distance/azimuth from the loudspeaker. 4.Select desired input level.* 5.Conduct the measurement. |
|
Closely related to the SRT and sometimes called the Speech Detection Threshold (SDT). Your score on this test is the lowest level at which you can identify, but not understand, sound as speech. Normally, this testing is only done if SRT testing cannot be done for some reason.
|
(SAT) speech awareness threshold
|
|
A problem encountered in establishing the bone conduction thresholds in severe bilateral conductive hearing loss, in which the amount of masking of the non-test ear exceeds the interaural attenuation(40 dB) so that enough masking is too much masking. Occurs commonly with otosclerosis and other bilateral conductive disorders, medical referral is necessary.
|
Masking dilemma
|
|
Provides a comparison between unaided and aided output
|
Functional Gain
|
|
Natural resonance of the ear canal
|
2,700 Hz
|
|
Is medical referral necessary for tinnitus
|
Medical referral is strongly suggested by not necessary
|
|
(WDS) word discrimination score
|
A Word Discrimination score, also known as WDs, is a measurement of a person's ability to correctly understand words spoken at a specific volume. The volume is known as MCL, which stands for most comfortable level. Word Discrimination tests are often given as a part of testing a person's hearing with or without hearing aids. A person's score reflects the percentage of words that he hears and repeats correctly
|
|
(SDS) speech discrimination score
|
The purpose of Speech Discrimination score (SDs) testing (sometimes called word recognition testing) is to determine how well you hear and understand speech when the volume is set at your Most Comfortable Level (MCL).
|
|
What are the hardest letters to hear with a profound loss in the high frequencies
|
f, s, th, p, t
|
|
Hearing aid internal feedback troubleshooting
|
Hold the hearing aid turned on with the volume up, being careful not to cover the microphone. Place your finger over the receiver (speaker) (at the tip that is inserted into your ear). Push tightly for a good seal. If you or a helper can hear the aid whistling with the receiver (speaker) covered, then there is probably an issue inside the hearing aid causing internal feedback. This could be two internal components touching, a whole in the vent, or the speaker could have fallen off of the tubing inside the aid. This should be taken in for repair.
|
|
Venting, effects what frequencies
|
20-1,000 Hz (referred to as the "body")
Three basic functions: A. to reduce the feeling of fullness caused by the earmold. B. To reduce a resonant effect the client describes as "hearing in a tunnel" C. To improve speech clarity through better frequency response |
|
Damping, effects what frequencies
|
1,000-3,000 Hz (referred to as the "presence")
|
|
Horn effects, effects what frequencies
|
3,000-10,000 Hz (referred to as "brilliance")
|
|
What are the 3 basic vent configurations
|
External vent, Diagonal vent, Parallel vent
|
|
When should hearing aid earmolds be replaced
|
Soft mold, every year
Hard mold, every 2 years |
|
Acoustic modifications of earmold:
Aid sounds tinny |
Drill vent hole. Use dampers
|
|
Acoustic modification of earmold:
Aid sounds harsh |
Reduce volume, drill vent, shorten canal
|
|
Acoustic modification of earmold:
Aid sounds hollow |
Increase vent size, shorten canal, bell canal
|
|
Acoustic modification of earmold:
Doesn't like sound of own voice |
Shorten vent, enlarge vent, bell canal
|
|
Acoustic modification of earmold:
Not loud enough |
Reduce vent size
|
|
Acoustic modification of earmold:
Feedback all the time |
Close vent entirely, build up canal
|
|
Acoustic modification of earmold:
Hears sound, but doesn't understand with aid |
Reduce low Hz, enlarge vent, shorten canal
|
|
Larger I.D. tubing and horn tubing effect on frequencies above 3,000 Hz
|
Increase
|
|
Smaller I.D. tubing effect on frequencies above 3,000Hz
|
Reduce by large decrease
|
|
Longer tubing effect on frequencies below 750 Hz
|
Increase
|
|
Shorter tubing effect on frequencies below 750 Hz
|
Slightly decrease
|
|
(REM) real ear measurement use
|
Used primarily in the verification precess of hearing aid fitting.
First they describe the gain and potential benefit of a specific hearing aid. Second they provide valuable information as to whether specific targets have been achieved. Third they can be used to identify acoustic changes required to improve a subjects perception of clarity or sound quality. Finally they provide excellent objective record of a hearing aids function and service as a baseline for future fittings |
|
What does POGO stand for
|
Prescription of gain and output
|
|
REAR test signal stimulus
|
Speech spectrum or Broad band noise
|
|
Normal hearing
|
0 - 25 dB
|
|
Mild hearing loss
|
26 - 40 dB
|
|
Moderate hearing loss
|
41 - 55 dB
|
|
Moderately severe hearing loss
|
56 - 70 dB
|
|
Severe hearing loss
|
71 - 90 dB
|
|
Profound hearing loss
|
>90 dB
|
|
Complete audiological evaluation, order of procedure
|
1. Hearing history
2. Physical inspection - ear canal & ear drum 3. Tympanometry & acoustic reflexes 4. Pure tone testing 4a. Air conduction testing 4b. Bone conduction testing 4c. Sound field testing 5. Speech recognition threshold (SRT) 6. Most comfortable level (MCL) 7. Uncomfortable loudness level (UCL) or threshold of discomfort (TD) / recruitment testing 8. Word recognition (WR) or speech discrimination (SD) testing |
|
What is impedance
|
Resistance to movement. Impedance is lowest when the outside air pressure is equal to the air pressure in your middle ear
|
|
Type Ad
|
Taller than normal peak. Indicating one or more of the bones in your middle ear dislocated or damaged, or there may be a loss of elastic fibers in your ear drum
|
|
Type As
|
Shorter peak than normal. Indicating a stiff system such as might occur if you have otosclerosis
|
|
Indicates a conductive loss at all frequencies. Typically, a result of middle ear infections where your middle ear fills with fluid thus preventing your ear drum from vibrating freely. May also result from a hole in your ear drum, or from ear wax blocking your ear canal
|
Type B Tympanogram
|
|
Type C
|
Similar to a type A but the peak is shifted to the left, indicating negative pressure in the middle ear. Your ear drum is sucked in. If the peak shifted to the right it indicates positive pressure in the middle ear. Your ear drum is bulged out. In either case, the result is a conductive loss at both low and high frequencies. Generally indicates that your eustachian tubes are blocked, or otherwise are not working properly
|
|
Acoustic reflex test, the muscles automatically contract when your middle ears are exposed to sounds over
|
About 80 dB
|
|
If there is no acoustic reflex
|
It could indicate you have a conductive loss in your middle ears, you have a severe sensorineural loss or you have a lesion(s) on your auditory nerve
|
|
Pure tone testing is to determine
|
The TYPE (conductive, sensorineural, mixed)
The DEGREE (mild, moderate, severe, etc) The CONFIGURATION (shape of loss,etc) |
|
What sound should you use if the client has tinnitus
|
Warbled tones, if the audiometer can't produce warbled tones use double beep
|
|
Never say you have a % hearing loss. this is totally meaningless. You cannot express dB as % because dB are not linear units of measurement. You should stick to
|
dB, or use mild, moderate, severe format
|
|
When you wear headphones it takes how many dB of sound to vibrate your skull
|
40 dB
|
|
When you use insert earphones it takes how many dB of sound to vibrate your skull
|
60 dB
|
|
Sound field testing is
|
Testing while listening to loudspeakers in the sound booth. Usually reserved for testing how well you hear with your hearing aids on compared to how well you hear with your bare ears
|
|
What is the first speech test typically done
|
Speech recognition threshold (SRT)
Its older name is speech reception threshold |
|
SRT Speech recognition threshold uses what word material
|
Spondee: Two-syllable words that have equal stress on both syllables
|
|
Spondee
|
Two-syllable words that have equal stress on both syllables, typically used in SRT speech recognition threshold testing. Commonly-used spondees include: airplane, baseball, cupcake, hotdog, railroad, cowboy, ice-cream, outside, playground and sidewalk
|
|
Speech recognition threshold test serves several purposes
|
1. It is a measure of the reliability of your pure tone air conduction test. Your SRT should be within 5 dB of your pure tone average(PTA).
2. It suggests the level of loudness at which words should be presented for the word discrimination (WD) testing. 3.It determines how much power (gain) you will need in a hearing aid that is right for your degree of hearing loss |
|
SRT of 5 dB (normal)
|
You can understand speech perfectly at 21 ft and still catch some words over 100 ft
|
|
SRT of 30 dB (mild loss)
|
You can only hear perfectly at 1 ft and can hear some words at 18 ft.
|
|
SRT of 60 dB (moderate severe loss)
|
You would need the speaker to be only 1 inch from our ear in order to hear perfectly and within 1 ft to still hear some words correctly
|
|
SRT of 70 dB or more
|
You wont hear much at all without hearing aids or other amplification
|
|
Speech awareness threshold (SAT)
|
Sometimes call speech detection threshold (SDT). Is the lowest level at which you can identify, but not understand sound as speech. Usually it is only done if SRT testing cannot be done for some reason
|
|
What test is typically done after SRT
|
Most comfortable (listening) level (MCL)
|
|
How many dB louder than your SRT level if you have normal hearing is your MCL
|
40 dB, if you have a hearing loss it may be different
|
|
What test is typically done after MCL
|
Uncomfortable loudness level (UCL) or threshold of discomfort / recruitment testing
|
|
How many dB below UCL should your hearing aid be set
|
5 dB
|
|
What is the proper way to test for recruitment
|
Test frequency by frequency for each ear in turn
|
|
What is the final speech test
|
Word recognition (WR) testing
formally called speech discrimination (SD) testing |
|
What is the purpose of word recognition (WR) testing
|
To determine how well you hear and understand speech in a perfectly quiet environment when the volume is set ar your MCL
|
|
What test material consists of 25-50 words and is usually used in word recognition (WR) testing
|
Phonetically balanced (PB) words. Meaning that the percent of time any given sound appears on the list is equal to its occurrence in the English language. Such as chew, what, knees, rat, start, etc
|
|
How many dB above your SRT should the volume be set for the presentation of the PB word list for WR word recognition (WR) test if you have normal hearing
|
40 dB above your SRT.
It may range from 25-50 dB above your SRT level, depending on how you perceive sound. If you have a significant hearing loss, it is set to your MCL |
|
Your word recognition score (WRS) is an important indicator of
|
Of how much difficulty you will have communicating and how well you may do if you wear a hearing aid
|
|
What % WRS (word recognition score) is considered to be normal hearing
|
90%
|
|
What % WRS (word recognition score) is considered to be poor
|
Below 50%
|
|
If your WRS falls below 40% what may you be eligible for
|
Cochlear implant
|
|
People with conductive loss usually show what kind of WRS (also called a SDS speech discrimination score)
|
They usually show a excellent WRS when the volume is set at their MCL
|
|
People with a sensorineural loss usually show what kind of WRS (also called a SDS speech discrimination score)
|
They usually show a poor WRS.
People with problems in the auditory parts of their brains tend to have even poorer WRS although they may have normal auditory pure tone thresholds |
|
In addition to determining how well you recognize speech, word recognition (WR) testing has another use
|
To verify that your hearing aids are really helping you
|
|
What characteristic of earmold tubing affects acoustic performance
|
Only the inside diameter affects acoustic performance
|
|
The use of thick or double wall tubing is effective in reducing
|
Acoustic feedback in high gain hearing aid applications
|
|
If tubing length is increased
|
The primary resonant peak will shift downward and the output will increase in the lower frequencies and decrease in the mid and high frequencies. Also the amplitude of the 2nd & 3rd peaks will be reduced
|
|
If tubing length is decreased
|
The primary and secondary peaks will shift upward in frequency. Also the output will decrease in the low frequencies and increase in the mid and high frequencies
|
|
Using tubing with a wider internal diameter will
|
Increase the gain between 1000 and 2000 Hz and decrease the gain in the lower frequencies
|
|
Using tubing with a narrower internal diameter will
|
Increase in the lower frequencies and decrease the gain in the higher frequencies
|
|
Skeleton Molds are the most popular earmold available, and provide maximum comfort and retention. This mold is appropriate for fitting what degrees of loss
|
Mild to severe hearing losses.
|
|
Canal lock molds are a discreet option when choosing an earmold. They are appropriate for what degrees of loss
|
Mild or moderate hearing losses
|
|
Shell Molds are exceptionally sturdy and lightweight and are recommended for fitting what degrees of loss
|
Moderate and severe hearing losses.
|
|
Half Shell Molds offer a comfortable and lightweight fit and are suited for what degrees of loss
|
Mild or moderate hearing losses.
|
|
Acoustic modifier molds are suited for what degrees of loss
|
Mild high-frequency loss
|
|
CROS molds are suited for what degree of loss
|
High frequency losses
|
|
Semi-skeleton earmolds are skeleton earmolds without the back ring, these mold work best for people with limited dexterity. They are suited for what degrees of loss
|
Mild to severe loss
|
|
Masking must be performed when
|
1. the thresholds for the ears are no symmetrical
2. an air/bone gap exists (conductive component) 3. a bilateral conductive component is suspected |
|
When the better ear answers for the poorer ear it is called
|
Shadow curve
|
|
Attenuation definition
|
Lessening or a weakening of something
|
|
the range of interaural attenuation for insert earphones is
|
70-100 dB
These higher interaural attenuation levels increase the test reliability and reduce the probability for error |
|
Due to the low interaural attenuation for BC, masking for BC should be applied what % of the time
|
100%
|
|
Rules for of masking for bone conduction testing
|
Mask for BC testing whenever a 15 dB or more difference occurs between the obtained BC threshold of the better ear and the obtained AC threshold of the poorer ear.
Reminder: Interaural attenuation for BC occurs as low as 0 dB |
|
Rules of masking for speech discrimination or speech recognition
|
Mask for speech discrimination or speech recognition 100 % of the time.
Mask for the remainder of speech audiometry whenever a 40 dB or more difference occurs between the better ear pure tone average (PTA), speech threshold level (speech reception threshold), or best 2 frequency average and the poorer ear presentation level |
|
If you have to mask for AC then you must mask for
|
Speech audiometry
|
|
Once a response is obtained, increase the masking noise by __ dB. If no response is obtained, increase the tone by __ dB
|
5 dB
|
|
A true threshold has been obtained once the masking noise level has increased by ______ dB with no shift in the test ear threshold
|
15 to 20 dB
|
|
Noise presented to the non-test ear even at very low masking level, may create a shift in the test ear threshold, occurring in the central nervous system mechanism is called
|
Central masking
It may increase the test ear threshold by 5 to 15 dB. It is acceptable to subtract 5 dB from any threshold obtained in the presence of contralateral masking noise to decrease the central masking factor |
|
Occlusion effect will generally alter the BC thresholds between _ to _ Hz
|
250 to 1,500 Hz
The occlusion effect is essentially nonexistent above 2,000 Hz |
|
Advantages of mid-line or forehead placement of the BC oscillators
|
1. The bone density of the forehead and skin thickness do not vary as much as the mastoid placement
2. AC leakage through the vibrator is lessened with forehead placement 3. It is suggested that by placing the oscillator on the forehead, one is eliminating the power of suggestion by placement on the correct ear |
|
Recommended occlusion effect levels
|
15 dB at 250 Hz
15 dB at 500 Hz 10 dB at 1,000 Hz no effect above 1,500 Hz |
|
A poor speech recognition score may be the first indicator of a
|
Retrocochlear leasion
|
|
Formula for speech masking
|
Presentation level (PL) - 20 dB = masking level
The only time that speech masking formula is altered is when the client has severe recruitment PL - 30 = masking level (recruitment) |
|
During what testing is overmasking more likely to occur
|
Bone conduction
|
|
Semi-skeleton and Skeleton earmolds are good for what hearing losses
|
Mild to severe losses
|
|
Shell earmolds are good for what hearing losses
|
Moderate to severe losses
|
|
CROS earmolds are good for what hearing loss
|
High frequency
|
|
Canal-lock and Half shell earmolds are good for what losses
|
Mild to moderate
|
|
Acoustic modifier earmolds are good for what hearing loss
|
Mild high frequency
|
|
Non-organic hearing loss test that uses Spondees with noise to find an insistency of the threshold
|
Doerfler-Stewart test
|
|
The human speech is a very complex sound. What is the correct description for the frequency or speech
|
Much energy is in 50 to 1,000 Hz and speech recognition is in 1,000 to 10,000 Hz
|
|
What does the tympanogram of a person diagnosed with Otosclerosis show
|
Lower than normal compliance, but not flat
|
|
What frequency range do the most common hearing aids produce
|
100 to 8,000 Hz
|
|
In what condition is the AC test result poorer than the BC test result
|
The outer and middle ear malfunction
|
|
What type of hearing loss is the best candidate for the non-occluding earmold
|
Unilateral
|
|
Retrocochlear hearing loss indications
|
Unilateral hearing loss, no acoustic reflex, poorer word recognition score
|
|
Common characteristics of a conductive hearing loss
|
ABG-present, Configuration-flat, Acoustic reflex-absent
|
|
What is the definition of "intensity" of sound
|
The acoustic energy of sound
|
|
Does a sensorineural hearing loss that is the same degree in both ears need the masking procedure
|
No masking procedure required
|
|
What microphone has a (FET) field effect transistor and has great tolerance for temperature and humidity resistance
|
Ceramic Microphone
|
|
When is electric energy created
|
Electron moves around an atom
|
|
True fact of non-organic hearing loss
|
Some non-organic hearing loss is a form of malingering
|
|
What is the most common relationship between SRT and PTA
|
SRT score is better than PTA
|
|
What is the most common problem when you hear intermittent sound from the hearing aid
|
Battery contact is not good
|
|
Most concerning factors in the selection of impression material
|
Acoustic factor, Physical factor, tubing and earhook factor
Canal depth is not a factor |
|
Tinny or high sound, you should ____ vent size
|
Increase
|
|
Small sound or not loud, you should ___ the vent size
|
Decrease
|
|
Hollow sound or plugged feeling, you should ____ the vent size
|
Increase
|
|
The electrical component in the hearing aid that blocks or impedes high frequencies
|
Inductor
|
|
Cases that benefit from binaural fitting
|
Narrow dynamic range, UCL is very low in one ear
|
|
When can the shadow curve happen
|
The better ear responds to the poorer ear
|
|
What frequency is more attenuated in the head shadow effect
|
High frequency
|
|
What is the main purpose of tympanometry
|
To check the compliance of the eardrum
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What is the tuning-fork test that compares the BC sensitivity of the patient to the examiner
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Schwabach test
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Multiple waves of different frequencies enter into an amplifier circuit and amplify together, making an uncomfortable and distorted sound. What kind of distortion is this
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Intermodulation distortion
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What is the output limiting circuit used in Class A amplification
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Peak clipping
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What is the frequency range for the BC test in a general audiometer
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250 to 4,000 Hz
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What is the definition of Automatic Gain Control
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Control the sound intensity associated with feedback circuit
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What is the cause of harmonic distortion
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Mechanical stress of the hearing aid
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Noise induced hearing loss can occur at what age
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Any age
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Overmasking is actually increasing the threshold in the test ear that leads to a false threshold in the test. What kind of hearing loss would be the greatest problem in overmasking
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Unilateral conductive hearing loss
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In the SRT test, there are two syllable words containing equal stress on both syllables. What is this called
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Spondaic words
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What is the tuning-fork test that compares the sensitivity by BC to AC
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Rhine test
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What type of microphone has all the frequency range of speech but not a good response in very low or very high frequency
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Magnetic microphone
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If the interaural attenuation is increased, how does the masking plateau change
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The plateau becomes wider
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Facing a patient who is very reluctant to wear a hearing aid. What is the right way to approach this client
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Ask the patient why they are reluctant to wear hearing aids
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What component in the circuit of hearing aid blocks or impedes the low frequency
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Capacitor
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Air conduction - sloping, ABG - not present, acoustic reflex - present.
These are the common characteristics of what kind of hearing loss |
Severe sensorineural hearing loss
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What are the dimensions of a functional auditory system
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Frequency, intensity, time
(acceleration is not a dimension) |
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Can occur in the bilateral conductive hearing loss, Masking noise can be heard in the poorer ear, false thresholds are created.
These are characteristics of what |
The masking dilemma
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Air conduction - sloping, ABG - not present, acoustic reflex - present.
These are the common characteristics of what kind of hearing loss |
Severe sensorineural hearing loss
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What are the dimensions of a functional auditory system
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Frequency, intensity, time
(acceleration is not a dimension) |
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Can occur in the bilateral conductive hearing loss, Masking noise can be heard in the poorer ear, false thresholds are created.
These are characteristics of what |
The masking dilemma
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What material is used fro (WRT) word recognition test
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Cold running speech
WIPI test CNC words |
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In what year was the hearing instrument manufacturers software association (HIMSA) established
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1993
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What type of vent modifies low frequency without affecting high frequency and has great acoustic integrity
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Parallel vent
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Tuning-fork test that examines the occlusion effect that finds and conductive loss
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Bing test
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What material is used for Speech Recognition Threshold in general
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Spondaic words
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This is a sudden unilateral hearing loss with vertigo
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Menieres disease
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What is the relationship between MCL and sensorineural hearing loss
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MCL is the same with the normal
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This is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
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Stenosis
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Serous effusion creates a partial vacuum in the middle ear that allows continuous fluids to flow to the middle ear. What kind of hearing loss can you observe
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Low frequency
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Most (ITE) in-the-ear aids use this type of amplification. The characteristics of this amplification are a longer battery life, higher distortion, and peak clipping. What type of amplification is this
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Class A
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What type of hearing loss is the most related for overmasking in the (WRT) word recognition test
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Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
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Non English speaking individuals can be given English version of PB word list for this test
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WRT Word Recognition Test
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Some individuals have a good word recognition ability though they have some degree of hearing loss. What type of hearing loss could it be
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Conductive
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If the analog to digital converter (A/D converter) utilizes higher bit rates in digital hearing aids, what is closely related to the sound quality
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Higher bit rates produce more original sound, and produce more wide dynamic range
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Advantages of using electret microphones in hearing aids
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More durable because it has less component
Can be directional microphones More wider frequency response range |
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Normal characteristics of the eardrum
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Translucent, white to grey color, Attached to malleus
(not a bony structure) |
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Advantage in testing the mastoid in the BC test
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Getting better (lower) auditory threshold
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This is the type of compression method keeping the output below the knee point independently from the volume control
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Input compression
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What is the function of the compression method
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-Reduce the overall distortion
-Enhance the speech intelligibility -Reduce the acoustic feedback |
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How many dB higher is the SRT than the SDT
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10 dB
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What is the formula for SRT
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SRTte - IA >= Lowest BCnte (not 250 Hz)
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What kind of hearing loss can we see if the Acoustic reflex is elevated
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Mild conductive hearing loss
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What material can be used for WRT (word recognition test)
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PB word list, CNC words, Sentence testing
(no cold running speech) |
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What type of Audiogram can we find in the early stages of Otosclerosis
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Low frequency hearing loss
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If sound is tinny from a hearing aid, what kind of earmold modification is needed
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Make a larger vent
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What is the benefit of the Acoustic Reflex test
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Verification test for the BC test
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Abnormal sensitivity to everyday sound levels of noise, often sensitivity to higher pitched sounds, in presence of essentially normal hearing.
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Hyperacusis
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Neomycin
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Most toxic drug to the cochlea. Recommended topical use only
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Aspirin
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Ototoxic, but reversible once use is discontinued
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Ototoxic Antibiotics
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Aminoglycosides
Erythromycin Vancomycin |
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For this test you use Spondee words (2 syllable). Findings should be within 5 dB of PTA
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SRT
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This tests results should be within 5 dB of SRT and 6-8 dB of SDT(speech discrimination test)
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PTA (pure tone average)
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How many dB loss over the course of a year is profound
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10 dB
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This is the amount of noise which is present in the hearing aid without any input present. Caused by electronic current passing through the amplification system of the High Gain hearing aids. Not a problem because ambient noise is usually enough to mask it out.
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Equivalent Input Noise
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HL to SPL formula is
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HL + 20 = SPL
ex: 20 HL = 40 SPL |
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Client is asked to indicate the softest level at which speech is heard, regardless of whether or not what is said is understood. Normally only performed if SRT cannot be for some reason.
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SAT (speech awareness threshold) or SDT (speech detection threshold) not to be confused with SDT (speech discrimination test, now called the WRT word recognition test)
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What level should the hearing aid be set in relationship to UCL
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It should be set 5 dB below the clients UCL
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HFA stands for?
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High Frequency Average
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HAE stands for?
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Hearing Aid Evaluation
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Hearing loss as it relates to DR(dynamic range)
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DR of 70-100 dB = normal hearing
DR of 50 dB = moderate loss DR of 25 dB = severe loss |
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DR (dynamic range) calculation formula
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DR = UCL - threshold
DR varies with frequency |
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Recruitment is related to this kind of loss
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Cochlear loss
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What is the difference between Collapsed and Prolapsed
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Collapsed means completely shut
Prolapsed means closing of, but still open |
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Causes of internal feedback
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- 2 internal components touching
- whole in the vent - Speaker could have fallen of the tubing inside the aid |
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When the sum of the conductive components is greater than the IA value, the ipsilateral(same side of the body) function for the non-test ear will merge with the test ear
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Masking Dilemma rule
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- This determines how much gain you will need in a hearing aid that is right for the clients degree of loss.
- Should be within 5 dB of PTA - It suggests the level of loudness at which words should be presented for the WDT (word discrimination test) |
SRT (speech recognition threshold)
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