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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the failure of the body to function normally called
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disease
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A leading cause of disease in humans
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invasion of pathogens
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disease-producing microorganisms
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pathogens
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symptoms that develp in response to a pathogen infections is called
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an infection
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two types of infection
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localized infection
systemic infection |
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what is a communicable disease
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any disease that can be spread from one host to another
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the study of the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population is called
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epidemiology
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a group of microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease
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normal flora
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a hospital acquired infection
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nosocomial infection
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the ability to ward off disease
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resistance - the opposite is susceptibility
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a process that destroys all living organisms
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sterilization
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a carrier of pathogens from host to host
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is a vector
there are animal vectors nonliving vectors |
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Name the groups of microorganisms
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bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa (worms and arthropods
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bacteria
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single celled organisms found everywhere
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organisms that normally and harmoniously live in or on the human body without casing disease
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normal flora
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the largest group of pathogens
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bacteria
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bacteria cause damage by (2) answers
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entering and growing in the human cell
by secreting toxins that damage the cells |
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Bacteria are classified into three groups, what are they
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coccus (round)
bacillus (rod-shaped) curved rod |
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Rickettsia and chlamydiae are classified as:
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bacteria
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round (bacterial)cells arranged in patterns
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cocci
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this cocci bacteria is arranged in chains
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streptococci
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this cocci bacteria looks like bunches of grapes and are arranged in clusters
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staphylococci
gonorrhea, meningitis and pneumonia |
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this bacteria group is long and slender and shaped like a cigar
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bacilli
tetanus, diphtheria, tuberculosis |
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vibrio, spirillum and spirochese bacterium belong to this group.
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curved rod - resemble a comma
cholera spirrillum is a long cell that looks like a corkscrew |
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treponema pallidum , a famous spirochete causes
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syphilis
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what is the ping-pong effect
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treatment, cure, reexposure and reinfection
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what is a luetic lesion
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a luetic lesion is a lesion associated with syphilis
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what are the two clinicallyimportant characteristics of bacteria
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(1) the presence of a cell wall
(2) the ability to form spores |
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what are the two structures surrounding a bacterial cell
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a cell membrane and a (rigid) outer wall
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Penicillin works because it
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it prevents cell wall synthesis in bacterium
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what allows bacteria to survive harsh environments
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spores
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rickettsia and chlamydia are called parasites because
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they require a living host
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rickettsia is usually carried by
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fleas, ticks and lice
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chlamydial infection is responsible for
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trachoma, a serious eye infection (leading cause of blindness) and is the most prevalent STD
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Virus in latin means
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poison
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The smalles infectious agents are
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viruses
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Viruses are not cells and consist of
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RNA and DNA surrounded by a protein shell
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Viruses can only reproduce in a living cell and therefore are considered
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parasites
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examples of viruses
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mumps, measels, flu, poliomyelitis, AIDS
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A plantlike orgaism is called a
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fungus
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two types of fungi are
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yeasts and molds
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pathogenic fungi cause what type of infection
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mycotic - myco means fungus
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mycotic infections are usually found in one place and are called
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localize
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a single-cell, animal-like microbe is called a
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protozoa
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name the four main types of protozoa
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amebas, ciliates, flagellates and sporozoa
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amebic dysentery and giardiasis are caused by
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protozoan parasites
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marlaria is caused by a sporozoan called a
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plasmodium
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mulicellular organisms that cause disease are
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parasitic worms and arthropods
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another name for a parasitic work
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helminth
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worms are classified two ways, name them
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round works or flatworms
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roundworms include
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ascarides, pinworms, hookworms, trichinae, and tiny workms
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filariasis, a roundworm, is the cause of
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elephantiasis
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itching is also called
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pruritus
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most work infections are transmitted by the
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fecal-oral route
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flatworms include
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tapeworms and flukes
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animals with jointed legs and include insects and ticks are called
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arthropods
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mites and lice that live on the surface of the body are called
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ectoparasites
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an object, living or nonliving, that transfers a pathogen from one organism to another is called a
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vector
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a person or organism that is infected by a pathogen is called a
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host
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two techniques used to identify pathogens
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staining and cultures
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bacteria are classified according to staining characteristics using the _________
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gram stain
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gram positive bacteria stain
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purple or blue
streptococcus |
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a gram-negative bacterium does not absorb the gram stain and is
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red or pink
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this staining procedure is when bacteria is first stained with a red dye and then washed with acid
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acid-fast stain
tuberculosis |
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sprirochetes and rickettsia must be stained with special dyes and techniques
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normal gram stains don't work on these
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the growth of pathogens in a culture medium is called a
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culture
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what is a culture and sensitivity test
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cultured pathogens are grown and tested for their susceptibility to various antibiotics
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pathogens enter the body via
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portals of entry
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the parenterial route (a portal of entry) include those injuries
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that pentrate the skin or mucous membrane, such as bites, cuts and surgery
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most pathogens enter the body via the
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respiratory tract (inhaled droplets of water and dust and the gastrointestinal tract
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ports of exit are
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respiratory, gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts
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the most important procedure in preventing the spread of inection is
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handwashing
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name the three types of how pathogens are spread
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person to person contact
environment to person tiny animal to person |
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an object living or nonliving, that transfers a pathogen from one organism to another
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is a vector
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a nonliving vector is called
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a fomite, (soiled hankerchiefs, eating utensils)
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bacteria transmission that includes contact with contaminated water, air food or soil is called
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environment to person contact
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this mode of bacterial transmission includes the use of insects
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tiny animal to person contact
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an infection caused by an insect is called what type of vector
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biological vector
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a vector where an insect is not the direct cause is called a
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mechanical vector
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the hand-washing doctor
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Ignaz Semmelweis
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puerperal fever - an infection of the uterus after chilbirth is an example of what type of infection
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nosocomial, because it's usually obtained in the hospital by direct contact
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