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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
13th ammendment
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officially abolishes slavery
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Freedman's Bureau
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Reconstruction agency
- to protect legal rights of former slaves - assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning |
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Black Codes
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-set codes that made black an inferior status in order to control african americans
- ex: can't own farm land, inter-racial marriages were banned, could not own city property, could not testify against a white person in court - vagrancy laws |
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Thaddeus Stevens
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- Radical Republican
- believed in racial equality - believed secession was successful because they were no longer states because they left the union (treated as conquered) provinces - erase state boundaries and redistribute wealth |
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Radical Republicans
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- identify the Civil War with the abolitionist cause
- sought swift emancipation of slaves - punish the rebels - tight controls over the confederate states after the war - congress determines readiness of statehood - congress takes charge of reconstruction |
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Freedman's Bureau Act
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bill that renewed the Freedman’s Bureau for one more year, Johnson vetoed it, unconstitutional to have military courts in a time of peace
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Civil Rights Bill (1866)
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- response to black codes
- bill declared "all persons born in the US and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed" - grants citizenship to all native born blacks |
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14th ammendment
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- defines citizenship- any person born in US is a citizen
- due process of law - can't deny equal protection of the laws |
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Military Reconstruction act
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- divided confederate states into 5 districts with general residing over each
- must ratify 14th and 15th amendments before rejoining the union |
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Carpetbaggers
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- northerns who went to the south after the civil war and participated in the reconstruction government
- teachers, pastor among african americans, social workers, economic reasons) |
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Scalawags
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- southerns who remained loyal to the union
- participated with the carpetbaggers reconstruction governement |
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KKK
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- terrorist group
- performed acts in order to force blacks, scalawags, and carpetbaggers to understand their place |
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15th ammendment
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- guaranteed blacks the right to vote
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Bourbon Redeemers
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- upper class southern white conservative democrats
- ended the political aspect of reconstruction and resumed position in union |
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Jim Crow Laws
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- revokes civil rights for freedman
- racial segregation (water fountains, transport, schools, restaurants, restrooms) |
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Plessy vs Ferguson
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- dispute over railroad cars, black man can't sit in white car
- 'separate but equal' facilities |
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James B Duke
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- owner of American Tobacco Company
- machine made cigarettes |
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Railroad Grants
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- grants that allow railroads to receive land and mineral rights, ore, lumber, etc
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Pacific Railway Bill
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- Railroad from Coast to coast
- Union pacific went west - Central Pacific went east |
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JD Rockefeller
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- owner of Standard Oil Company
- vertical integration |
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Standard Oil Company
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- owned by Rockefeller
- vertically integrated - 1st industry-dominating trust |
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Trusts
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- companies combined to control competition
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Andrew Carnegie
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- owner of US Steel Cooperation
- vertical integration - Gospel of wealth |
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Vertical integration
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- company owns the whole manufacturing process without having to pay any extra
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Gospel of wealth
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Carnegie believed that him and other millionaires should spread their wealth among humankind
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Horatio Alger
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- wrote short stories- American Dream
- upward mobility |
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JP Morgan
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- arrange merger and acquisitions
- the price to merge would be stock in the new company |
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Knights of Labor
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- 1st national labor union
- ended with the Haymarket affair |
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Haymarket Affair
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- in chicago
- riots during McCormick Harvester company strike - demise of knights of labor |
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Samuel Gompers
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- 1st president of AFL
- focus on bread and butter issues |
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Homestead Strike
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- strike that took place in steel mills
-company brought in Pinkerton Agent to promote fighting so that they could bring in the National Guard |
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Pullman strike
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- strike against Pullman Palace Car Co, in company town
- courts and federal troops crushed strike |
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Grantism
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- corruption
- because of corrupt Grant administration because of the credit mobilier scandal |
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Credit Mobilier Scandal
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- millions of overcharges were exposed for Union Pacific RR
- Grant's Admin. exposed |
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Whiskey Ring
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- St. Louis
- siphoning off millions of dollars in federal taxes on liquor - involved an extensive network of bribes involving tax collectors, distillers, and distributers |
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Tammany Hall
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- Headquarters in NY for the Democratic Party
- Tweed ring- ran by Tweed (political machine) |
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Gilded Age
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- Mark Twain coined
- the phrase means tarnished age, or corrupt age |
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Pendleton Act
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- designed to destroy spoils system
- merit system- one who is qualified for posistion |
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Interstate Commmerce Act
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- regulate competition
- aimed at RR and their rebates - break up trusts |
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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- restore competition where a monopoly had occured
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Booker T. Washington & New South Creed
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- spokesman for the blacks
-Atlanta compromise -focus on social economic gain instead of black civil rights |
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WEB Dubois
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- not for segregation
- emphasized social justice |
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Homestead Act
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- gave 160 acres of land free if it were cultivated and improved
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Free and unlimited coinage of silver
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- owners of metals could exchange their metal for money or coins (or notes)
- overproduction of silver caused inflation of the economy |
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Grange and Granger Laws
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- Midwest
- lobbied government control of RR, and grain elevator rates, and est. farmers cooperatives |
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William Jennings Bryan
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- pro silver, main reason for losing
- democrat/ populist party member - led national tour |
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William McKinnly
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- Pro-gold Republican Party
- industry on his side - pamphlets in many different languages - national campaign manager |
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Marcus Hanna
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- 1st national campaign manager
- raised 10 million dollars - manager for McKinnly |