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121 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Paleolithic |
The cultural period of the Stone Age that began about 2.5 to 2 million years ago, marked by the earliest useof tools made of chipped stone |
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Tensile Frame |
A construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending. |
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Plan |
The view of the structure from the top |
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Section |
A drawing of a vertical slice through a building at some imagined plane |
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Longitudinal Section |
The representation of an object as it would appearif cut by the vertical plane passing through the longest axis of the object. |
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Cross Section |
A drawing that shows the horizontal relationship of the building in a vertical plane. |
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Elevation |
An exterior or interior vertical face of a building, or a drawing of the same as if flattened on a vertical plane. |
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Compression Frame |
A frame of elements that are meant to push against each other |
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Site Plan |
An architectural plan, landscape architecture document, and a detailed engineering drawing of proposed improvements to a given area |
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Neolithic |
The last phase ofthe Stone Age, marked by the domestication ofanimals, the development of agriculture, and themanufacture of pottery and textiles |
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Mortise and Tenon |
A wood-joining method in which a projecting tongue (tenon) of one member is fitted into a hole (mortise) of a corresponding shape in another member |
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Wattle and Daub |
A construction system using woven branches and twigs plastered over with mud as filling between the larger members of a wooden frame |
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Lintel |
A horizontal beam or stone that spans an opening |
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Menhir |
A prehistoric monument in the form of a single large upright stone |
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Megalith/Megalithic |
Built of huge/irregular stones |
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Barrow |
FILL IN |
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Dolmen |
A prehistoric tomb made of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound |
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Gallery Grave |
A prehistoric tomb in the form of a roofed stone corridor buried under an earth mound |
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Cyclopean Masonry |
Uses huge irregular stones laid without mortar |
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Corbelled Vault |
A concave roof constructed with corbelling (parallel masonry layers, each projecting beyond the one below |
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Passage Grave |
a narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers covered in earth or stone |
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Trabeation |
Construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; post and beam construction |
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Pier |
A solid masonry support, often rectangular or square in plan |
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Trilithon |
A structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel) |
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Cob |
A natural building material made from sand, clay, water, some kind of fibrous or organic material (straw) and earth |
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Adobe |
Sun-dried brick made of clay and straw |
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Half-timbering |
Inter mixing of cob/mud brick surrounded by a framework of wood |
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Pisé/rammed earth |
Using a framework to hold building materials and pounding it until it becomes firm |
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Ziggurat |
A mesopotamian temple-tower in the form of a stepped pyramid |
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Orthogonal Planning |
A system that aligns buildings to a particular element. For example the Nile River |
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Clerestory |
An upper portion of a wall containing windows for supplying natural light toa building. |
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Step Pyramid |
Mastabas stacked on each other to resemble pyramids |
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Serdab |
A secret chamber in an ancient Egyptian tomb |
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Engaged Column |
A column that becomes part of the wall |
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Tectonics |
Expression of loads within a building |
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Mastaba |
An ancient Egyptian flat-topped rectangular tomb with sloping sides |
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Colonnade |
A row of columns supporting a beam |
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Pyramid |
A massive monument of ancient Egypt having a rectangular base and four triangular facesculminating in a single apex, built over or around a crypt or tomb. |
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Capstone |
End for the wall and/or column |
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Lotus capital |
Column capitals that resemble the plant life in Ancient Egypt |
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Necropolis |
City of the Dead |
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Hypostyle Hall |
A room with a roof supported by many columns |
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Peristyle Court |
A roofed, columned porch or colonnade surrounding a building or courtyard |
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Axis |
An imaginary straight line about which parts of a building or a group of buildings are arranged |
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Cavetto Cornice |
A projecting molding hollowed in the shape of a quarter circle |
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Obelisk |
A tall square stone shaft, usually of one piece, tapering upward and ending in a pyramidal tip |
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Pylon |
The monumental entrance to an ancient Egyptian temple; pylon is sometimes used to mean one of the two rectangular, truncated pyramidal towers flanking such an entrance |
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Bas Relief |
A shallow cut relief used in Egyptian temples to speed up the process of building it |
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Megaron |
The principal hall of an Anatolian, Cretan, or Mycenaen palace or house. It is rectangular in plan, with a circular central hearth and a front porch formed by the prolongation of the side walls |
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Citadel |
An elevated fort or stronghold |
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Portico |
A covered entranceway with columns on one or more sides |
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Prodomos |
A small room leading to a main one. |
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Domos |
Throne room/house |
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Fresco |
Walls plastered painted while wall was still wet |
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Acropolis |
City on a hill |
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Stele |
An upright stone or slab with an inscribed or sculpturedsurface, used as a monument or as a commemorative tablet in the face of a building |
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Rubble Masonry |
Rough, unhewn building stone set in mortar, but not laid in regular courses. |
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Tholos |
A round corbel-vaulted Mycenaen tomb |
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Ashlar Masonry |
Consists of smooth squared stones laid with mortar in horizontal courses |
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Dromos |
A long high walled entrance to a Mycenean tomb |
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Beehive Chamber |
See Tholos |
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Dorians |
One of the major ethnic groups that inhabited the Mainland Greece |
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Ionians |
One of the major ethnic groups that inhabited what is now Turkey |
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Order |
Stylistic Program |
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Doric |
It has a plain capital, a fluted shaft, and no base |
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Ionic |
Slimmer column and its capital has a prominent scroll |
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Pitched Roof |
A roof made up of two angled pieces which meet in the middle, with gables at either end. |
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Gable |
The triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a dual-pitched roof. |
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Apse |
A vaulted, semicircular wall recess or extension of a hall |
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Cella (naos) |
The main room in a Classical temple, housing a cult statue |
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Portico |
A covered entranceway with columns on one or more sides |
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Prostyle |
Having row of columns before only one face of a building |
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Pronaos |
The vestibule of an Ancient Greek temple, with side walls and a row of columns along the front |
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Anta |
Describing the posts or pillars on either side of a doorway or entrance of a Greek temple - the slightly projecting piers which terminate the walls of the naos. |
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Opisthodomos |
The rear room of an ancient Greek temple or to the inner shrine |
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Adyton |
A restricted area within the cella |
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Pteron |
Side Columns |
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Peripteral |
One row of Columns |
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Distyle |
Two Column Front |
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Tetrastyle |
Four Column Front |
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Hexastyle |
Six Column Front |
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Octastyle |
Eight Column Front |
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Ennestyle |
Nine Column Front |
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Decastyle |
Ten Column Front |
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Stereobate |
The foundation or platform on which a building or row of columns is erected |
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Stylobate |
The top or top step of the substructure or platform on which columns stand |
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Column |
A cylindrical vertical support |
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Shaft |
The main part of a column, between the base and the capital |
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Fluted |
A shallow, vertical groove on a column |
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Capital |
Topmost part of a column |
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Echinus |
The circular, upward-flaring, lowest part of a Doric capital |
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Abacus |
The uppermost part of a classical capital |
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Entablature |
The elaborated beam that a column supports |
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Architrave |
The beam that spans a pair of columns |
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Dentil |
one of a number of small, rectangular blocks resembling teeth and used as a decoration |
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Triglyph |
A vertically grooved block between the metopes in a Doric Frieze |
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Metope |
The square space, often decorated with sculpture |
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Mutule |
A stone block projecting under a cornice in the Doric order. |
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Frieze |
The middle horizontal division of an entablature |
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Tympanum |
The segmental space enclosed by the lintel over a doorway |
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Cornice |
Projecting ornamental molding along the top of a building |
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Pediment |
The triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns. |
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Entasis |
A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft |
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Volute |
A spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals and also used in Corinthian and composite capitals. |
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Base |
Lower supporting part of column |
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Egg and Dart |
Ornamental aspects to an Ionic capital column |
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Dipteral |
Having a double peristyle |
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Perikles |
Began the building program in 447BC to build the Acropolis |
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Athena Nike |
Athena as victorious |
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Athena Parthenos |
Athena as a Virgin |
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Athena Polias |
Athena as protector of the city |
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Temenos |
A wall sacred enclosure around an ancient Greek altar or temple |
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Caryatid |
A sculptured, draped female figure used as a column |
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Spur Wall |
A short wall that projects at a right angle from a main wall |
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Hypaethral |
Cella open to the sky |
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Corinthian |
A column capital that has more of a plastic/decorative feel |
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Acanthus |
A plant that influenced the design of the Corinthian order |
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Stoa |
An ancient Greek, long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back |
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Agora |
The open meeting place or market place in the city |
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Arcuated |
Shaped or bent like an arc or bow |
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Arch |
A curved structure, usually made of wedge-shaped stones which spans an opening |