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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Presentism
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Looking at history in contemparary standards
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Great-Person
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Enficize person's point
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Eclectic approach
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Events contriute to change
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EClecTiC
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What is psychology?
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Study of the psyche, study of the spirit, study of consciousness, study of behavior
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Who is known as the father of psychology
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Empirical Observation
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Gaining knowledge through observation.
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Zeitgeist
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Spirit of the times
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Historicism
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Study of the past
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Reificiation
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Theroy: everything has a name for a reason
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Rasputin
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Paradigms
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The way things are seen at that time.
**Sun revolving around the earth** |
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Epistemology
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study of the nature of knowledge
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Dualist
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Believe that the mind and body are both physical events and mental events
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Normal Science
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KUHN: research performed by scientists to find the impliations of a paradigm
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Reasons why it is important to study the history of psychology?
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- Historical perspective
- Knowledge of where the subject came from and why it is important -Fads/ Fashion popularity of ideas - Learn from past mistakes - General interest |
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Functions of scientific theory
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- Oraganizes empirical observations
= guide for future observations - Experimental testing |
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Animism
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Looking at nature as thought it were alive
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Kuhn: normal science
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Pardigms change as observations cannot be explained by the current paradigm
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Correlational laws
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How events carry from one to each other
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Correlation... carr
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Causal laws
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Cause, One causes the other
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Anthropomorphism
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Personification; giving inanimate and animate objects human like with emotions
**Disney's lion king** |
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Entelechy
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Aristotle: Everthing exists for a reason
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En existance
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Entelechy
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Aristotle:
- pupose for which a thing exists - remains a potential until used |
ex. active reason, human entelechy exists only as a potential in many humans.
aka humans have a potential to act |
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Essence
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Those indispensable characteristics of a thing that give it its unique identity
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ex. Barney, being a purple dinosaur
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Teleology
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- Belief that everything exist for a purpose.
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Aristotle's beleif.
4 causes to understand anything: Material, formal, efficient, final (why it exists) |
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Pythagoreans and perfection
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- explanation of the universe is found in numbers.
- affected Plato's views, and christian thought - Dualistic |
pythagoran therom.
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Hippocrates
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- father of modern medicine
- diseases had natural causes - four humors of the human body. |
flem, blood, yellow, black
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Sophists
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- philospher/teacher
- "truth is what people thought it to be" |
sofa = Opra - tells people the truth
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Socrates
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- believed in personal experience
- "no thruth exists beyond personal opinion" - inductive definition - goals in life to gain knowledge |
disagreed with sophists
Gain knowledge |
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Plato
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- Student of Socrates
- experience through senses - true knowledge attained through reason, and rational thought - all knowledge innate - concentrate on rational pursuits - supress fear, love, rage, sex, hunger |
Plato sounds like play doo
children play with play doo, knowledge is innate |
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Allegory of the cave
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Plato's description:
-individuals who live their lives in accordance with the shadows of reality provided by sensory experience instead of in accordance with the true reality beyound sensory experience. |
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Aristotle
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- 1st to relate topics to psychology
- studying nature and observation of phenomena. - rational and empiricism - 4 causes to understand anything |
Student of Plato
"Everything exists for a purpose" |
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Law of contiguity
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thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it.
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match together an experience with an action.
ex. drinking to much tequilla will make one vomit. Now the smell of tequilla makes people sick. |
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Law of contrast
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A thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of opposite things.
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law of frequency
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the more often experiences occur together, the stronger will be their association
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Law of similarity
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when we think of something, we tend to think of things similar to it.
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thinking about money often leads to people thinking about their jobs
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Laws of associations
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laws thought responsible for holding mental events together in memory. Contiguity, contrast, similarity, and frequency
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all of the previous laws linking events to memory
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Occam's razor
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- Shave off unnecessary infomation
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KISS
"Keep it simple stupid" ~Never kiss a razor cuz its sharp~ |
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Dialectic method
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Technique by Abelard:
- to seek the truth - Questions are made and several possible answers are explored |
Good cop bad cop interview
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Introspection
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Examening one's inner experiences.
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Mystery religions
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- Cults
- Secret initiation, ceremonies - Symbol of death and rebirth - Forgiveness of sins |
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Pyrrho
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Skepticism
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Stoics and moral choices
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- Divine plan for everything in nature
- Material possessions not valued highly |
*Everything is there for a reason*
~Live in harmony with nature~ |
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Avicenna: 5 external senses
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* Sight
* Hearing * touch * taste * Smell |
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Dogmatists
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*Skeptics*
an indisputable truth. |
Yeah right... the true
~Mommy is skeptic about dogs; and that is the truth~ |
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Avicenna: 7 internal senses
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* Common Sense
* Retentive Imagination * Compositive animal imagination * Compostive human imagination * Estimative power * Ability to remember outcomes of info * Ability to use info |
Carl's
Retarded Cockatoo Cooks Eats And Appetizes |
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Who is Peter Abelhard
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- use dialectiv method to overcome inconsistencies in statements made by theologians through the years
- Conceptualism |
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Induction
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Specific to General
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adding in IN
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phenomenologist
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Studying the nature of conscious experience
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Secondary qualities
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Attributes of physical objects that exists in the mind only.
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Sound, color, odor, temperature, taste
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Primary qualities
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Attributes of physical objects: size shape, number, position, and movement
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size shape, number, position, and movement
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Martin Luther
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Disturbed by the corruption of the Catholic Churches.
Believed in personal religion |
Martin Luther King was a priest. Martin Luther hates priests.
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Copernicus
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"The Earth revolved around the sun. "
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Descartes
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Humans are mechanical robots.
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Galileo
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Several truths of Aristotle is FALSE. Used a telescope Studied the solar system.
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Newton/Principles of Newtonian Science
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Law of Gravity.
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Locke
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Empirist.
Responsible for Sensory stimulation. |
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Berkeley
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"The only thing we experience directly is our own perceptions or secondary qualities"
Trust god with our senses. |
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Simple ideas
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Mental remains of sensations.
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complex ideas
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Composites of Simple Ideas
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Hobbes
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Seek pleasure avoid pain.
Satisfy human needs |
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