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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Descartes
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doubt existance of everything and what left that can be doubted is truth, 'I think therefore I am', pineal gland central control, mind is for church and body for science, intellectual capabilities native, deduction
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Hobbes
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founder of British empiricism, deduction, humans were mechanical and governed only by physical laws, materialist, determinist, hedonist, physical monism
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Locke
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start British empiricism, passive mind, 'nothing exist in midn that was not first in the senses', tabula rasa, Occam's razor, ideas from sensation or reflection (active reflection)
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Descartes
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doubt existance of everything and what left that can be doubted is truth, 'I think therefore I am', pineal gland central control, mind is for church and body for science, intellectual capabilities native, deduction
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Hobbes
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founder of British empiricism, deduction, humans were mechanical and governed only by physical laws, materialist, determinist, hedonist, physical monism
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Locke
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start British empiricism, passive mind, 'nothing exist in midn that was not first in the senses', tabula rasa, Occam's razor, ideas from sensation or reflection (active reflection)
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Berkeley
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empiricist, idealist, mind creates reality, geometry from habitual experience b/c no conscious awarenes of calculations, only secondary qualities exist
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Hume
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empiricist, idealist, associationist, impresions (strong vivid perceptions tied to stimulus input) vs. ideas (weak perceptions generated from mind), reductionism, self awareness is only bundle of perceptions
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Hartley
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associationism (contiguity, personality is bundle of perceptions, impresions by vibrations sensations, no active mind, association decomplex ideas
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James Mill
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empiricist, associationist, determinist, mechanist, materialist, ideas are residuals of experience, mind is passive, habit key to continual movement, complex ideas composed of simple ideas
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John Stuart Mill
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mental chemistry, Gestalt, association by contiguity and similarity, frequency of association lx with frequency, conscious experience must be inderstood by understanding how it is a foundation of its elements
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Newton
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Principa Mathematica, physical laws explain movement in universe, discover calculus, Universal laws of Motion/Gravitation, Occam's razor
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Spinoza
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empiricism, mechanistic, materialistic, God is nature, monist, emotions are native and rational choices control emotions, behavior determined by nature not God, double aspectism, extension/thought from God
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Compte
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positivism, study of mind based on observables, 'founder' of sociology, mechanistic, empiricist, only sure of that whic is shared with others, phrenology
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Kant
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try to resolve scholasticism, a priori intuitions, categroeis a priori, active mind, mind can't study self through introsepction so psych is nto science, don't experience physical world directly and thus have no certain knowledge of it, categorical imperatives
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Leibnitz
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discover calculus, nativism, animals have souls but only humans are rational, petite perceptions composite make up apperceptions, psychophysical parallelism, occasionalism, monads, innate only is the idea to have an idea, pre-established harmony, law of continuity (nature doesn't leap), limen of consciousness
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La Mettrie
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extend Descartes mechanistic and materialistic view, empiricist, soul and mind are distinct, physical monist (everythign consists of matter and nothing else)
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Herbart
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psych is not experimental science b/c can't be objetively studied, psych = mechanical/empirical/mataphysical/mathematical/NOT analytical or experimental, ideas fall below limen, apperceptive mass
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Condillac
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mental activites could be reduced to experience alone, mind passive, mind is derived from ability to sense,
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Reid
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27 different faculties of human intellect, localization of intellectual functions in brain, to doubt reason is to use reason, b/c all humans convicned of physical reality then it must exist,
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a priori intuitions
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Kant, thinking relationships count not be derived from experience and thus exist innately and independently of senses - infinity, time, etc.
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sensationalism
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France, senses role in mind/explaining conscious experience, La Mettrie, Condillac
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mental chemistry
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effort to analyze scientifically and break into elements of consciousness, Wundt's lab
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phenomenology
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German, look within and accept expereince as reality, Kant
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positivism
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study of mind based on directly observable, Comte (publically observed), Mach (scientist sensations)
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causality
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Hume, causation from the habitual order of events
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primary and secondary qualities
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Galileo, then Boyle, then Locke...primary (actually exist), secondary (perception, color)
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blank tablet (tabula rasa)
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Locke, experience fills in mind
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contiguity vs. contingency
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contiguity - a follows b, not reversal, correlation
Contingency - determine causality, contemporary view |
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psychophyscial parallelism
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mind and body parallel each other but don't interact, Leibnitz
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unity position
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La Mettrie, mind and body linked but seperare from soul, --> science has mind, church has soul only
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pineal gland
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Descartes, valve to control fluid of behavior
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sensations-simple ideas-complex ideas
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sensation - rudimentary mental experience that results from stimulation of one or more sense receptors
simple idea - mental remnants of sensations complex ideas are composites of simple ideas |
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depth perception
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nativism, Descartes - based on native understanding of geometry, Berkley - arise form experience
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creative synthesis
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creation of ideas by the mind, James Mill - mind passive with creativity
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monad
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substance of pure quality not quantity, infinitesmially small, Leibnitz
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petite perceptions
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insensible subliminal perceptions (like drop of water within sound of wave), Leibnitz, occure below level of awareness b/c few monads involved
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apperception
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awareness (sound of whole wave crashing), above line of consciousness
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apperceptive mass
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Herbart, contains all ideas to which we are attending, cluster of interrelated ideas of which we are conscious of at any given moment
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limen of consciousness
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threshold, point at which you are no longer aware of being in mind, Leibniz, Herbart
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