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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hormone
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an endogenous or naturally-occurring compound that is produced or synthesized in one part of the plant and causes a change in physiology, growth or development in another part of the plant; usually present in very small quantities.
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growth substance
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all naturally-occurring or synthetically produced substances that affect the physiology, growth and development of plants.
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naturally occurring example of auxin?
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indoleacetic acid (IAA)
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naturally occurring example of cytokinin
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zeatin, kinetin (not in plants)
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# of naturally occurring examples of gibberellic acid (GA)
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over 90
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naturally occurring example of ethylene
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ethylene
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naturally occurring example of abscisic acid (ABA)
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abscisic acid
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3 synthetic examples of auxin
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indolebutyric acid (IBA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
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2 synthetic examples of cytokinin
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benzyladenine (BA), pyranylbenzyladenine (PBA)
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synthetic example of gibberellic acid (GA)
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none
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synthetic example of ethylene
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ethephon or ethrel (both release ethylene inside plant)
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synthetic example of abscisic acid (ABA)
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none
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sites of production of auxin
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shoot tips, embryos
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sites of production of cytokinin
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root tips, embryos
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sites of production of gibberellic acid (GA)
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both shoot and root tips, embryos
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sites of production of ethylene
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ripening fruits, aging flowers, germinating seeds, wounded tissue
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sites of production of abscisic acid (ABA)
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plastids, especially chloroplast
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tropism
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response of plants to environmental or physical stimuli.
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phototropism
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response to light
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geotropism
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response to gravity
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thigmotropism
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response to touch
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6 effects/practical applications of auxin
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1) Tropism - response of plants to environmental or physical stimuli.
(phototropism, geotropism, thigmotropism) 2) Apical dominance - determined by apical bud, partly due to auxin produced 3) Fruit set - low concentrations stimulate 4) Fruit or flower thinning - high concentrations cause 5) Herbicides - 2,4-D at high concentrations 6) Adventitious ROOT formation (stem and leaf cuttings, tissue culture) |
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3 effects/practical applications of cytokinin
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1) Leaf aging or abscission - may delay
2) Seed germination - may overcome dormancy or stimulate germination 3) Adventitious SHOOT formation (leaf and root cuttings, tissue culture) |
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6 effects/practical applications of gibberellic acid (GA)
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1) Rosette or dwarf plants - lack of endogenous GA often causes
2) Flowering - may cause bolting in biennials 3) Fruit size - increases size of seedless grapes 4) Bud dormancy - may overcome and substitute for cold treatment 5) Seed germination - may increase or speed up 6) Sex expression - favors STAMINATE flower formation on monoecious plants |
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6 effects/practical applications of ethylene
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1) Fruit ripening - stimulates in many fruits, ex. banana
2) Flowering - triggers flowering in some bromeliads, ex. pineapple. 3) Flower longevity - causes senescence (death) of cut flowers 4) Leaf abscission (leaf drop) - causes in some plants 5) Leaf epinasty (curling and contortion of leaves) - causes in some plants 6) Sex expression - favors PISTILLATE flower formation on monoecious plants |
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3 effects/practical applications of abscisc acid (ABA)
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1) Dormancy - causes bud or seed dormancy
2) Leaf abscission (leaf drop) - may cause in some plants 3) Stomata - causes stomata to close (a response to drought stress) |
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growth retardants
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chemicals that block gibberellic acid (GA) synthesis; are used in greenhouse and bedding plant production to produce compact plants.
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leaf abscission
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leaf drop
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leaf epinasty
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curling and contortion of leaves
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