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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The approximate number of differentiated cell types in a human body is |
260
|
|
A difference between a stem cell and a progenitor cell is that |
a progenitor cell cannot self-renew and a stem cell can |
|
Human stem cells are valuable in drug development because they can be used to |
replace experimental animals such as rats and mice |
|
Cellular adhesion molecules include |
selectins and integrins |
|
In hereditary spherocytosis, red blood cells lose their doughnut shapes, ballooning out, because they have abnormal |
ankyrin molecules, which bind spectrin rods to the plasma membrane |
|
The division of a single cell into two cells is referred to as |
cytokinesis |
|
In a human cell, the genetic material is in the |
nucleus |
|
A researcher identifies an abnormality in a protein that causes a particular inherited illness. To develop a treatment, it would be most helpful to know |
which cells are affected and how to replace the protein's function in them. |
|
Which of the following statements is true? |
Somatic cells are diploid, meaning that they have two copies of the human genome. |
|
The major macromolecules that make up cells are |
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
|
The order of events in the cell cycle is |
G1 to S to G2 to mitosis |
|
A bubble-like structure that ferries molecules, such as cholesterol, to lysosomes is an |
endosome |
|
The nucleolus reappears during which stage of mitosis |
telophase |
|
Humans belong to domain ______, which is distinguished by cells that have _______. |
Eukarya; organelles |
|
"Adult" stem cells are more accurately called tissue-specific or somatic stem cells because |
they are also present at prenatal stages of development |
|
Sugars are attached to proteins in the |
Golgi apparatus |
|
Apoptosis is a form of |
programmed cell death that is a normal part of development |
|
Cristae are |
membranous structures that are parts of mitochondria |
|
In which disease is cellular adhesion abnormal? |
arthritis |
|
The two major stages of the cell cycle are |
interphase and mitosis |
|
What is the sequence of events to produce a protein that is secreted? |
A hormone signals the gene that encodes the protein to be transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA is translated into protein on the ER, then processed and folded in the Golgi apparatus, and then sent out of the cell in a vesicle. |
|
About ___ average-sized bacteria could fit into a human cell |
1,000 |
|
Which biomolecule is used both for energy and to synthesize some types of hormones |
lipids |
|
Chromosomes coil tightly around chromosomal proteins and condense during |
prophase |
|
The cell type with the most mitochondria is |
muscle |
|
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane occurs during which phase of mitosis |
prophase |
|
can divide to give rise to any cell type, including those of membranes that support the developing embryo, is |
totipotent |
|
The organelle that consists of a stack of flat, membrane-enclosed sacs is the |
Golgi apparatus |
|
During S phase, replicated chromosomes are joined at their |
centromeres |
|
The cell cycle is a series of events a cell undergoes as it prepares to |
divide |
|
The defining characteristic of a stem cell is |
self-renewal |
|
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is rough because of |
attached ribosomes |
|
In mitochondria, |
energy from nutrients is converted into a form that a cell can use |
|
The internal scaffolding of a cell consists of |
microtubules and microfilaments |
|
The organelle that is the equivalent of a cellular garbage disposal system is the |
lysosome |
|
The organelles that contain DNA are the |
nucleus and mitochondrion |
|
The cellular basis of muscular dystrophy is that some of a child's muscle cells |
lack a protein that enables them to withstand the force of contraction. |
|
Human embryonic stem cells that are used in research are |
cultured in laboratory dishes from inner cell mass cells taken from a 5-day embryo |
|
Proteins that are part of signal transduction pathways in the cell are located in |
cytoplasm and plasma membrane |
|
Ribosomes are in the cells of |
all organisms |
|
Duplicated chromosomes appear lined up in the middle of the cell during |
metaphase |
|
During apoptosis, caspases |
activate enzymes that cut DNA into small pieces |
|
Organelles protect a cell by |
sequestering biochemicals that could dismantle other cellular structures |
|
DNA replicates during __ phase of the cell cycle. |
S |
|
Which sequence of events illustrates the steps of signal transduction? |
First messenger to receptor molecules to second messenger to cellular response |
|
At the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins |
each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere |
|
In which disease is signal transduction abnormal? |
neurofibromatosis type 1 |
|
The part of a chromosome that shortens with each cell division, functioning as a "clock," is the |
telomere |
|
The progression of a cell through the cell cycle is regulated by |
cyclins and kinases |
|
At the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins |
each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere |