Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
First Line of Defense
|
1) intact skin as barrier
2) Mucous membrane lining: digestive, respiratory, and genito urinary tracts -saliva, tears, mucous contain lysozyme -mucus traps particles -acidic stomach |
|
Second Line of Defense
(WHITE BLOOD CELLS: neutrophils) |
1) neutrophils- 70% of WBC, cells that are damaged by invading microbes release chemical signals that attract neutrophils from the blood, who enter the infected tissue, and engulf/destroy tissue there.
|
|
Second Line of Defense
(WHITE BLOOD CELLS: monocytes) |
develop into macrophages ("big eaters"), amoeba-like movement, long-lived may reside in organs (spleen, liver) and tissues. has long pseudopodia that reaches for microbes and digests
|
|
Second Line of Defense
(WHITE BLOOD CELLS: eosinophils) |
destroys large parasites
|
|
Second Line of Defense
(Natural killer cells) |
destroy infected cells, lys
|
|
Second Line of Defense
(ANtimicrobial proteins) |
1) lysozyme
2) complement system - groups of proteins that lysis invaders - opsonization 3) interferons - secreted by infected cells to help surrounding cells |
|
Second Line of Defense
(inflammatory response) |
damage to tissues cause blood vessels to dilate and more blood to injury and vicinity therefore swelling (edema) and heat
|
|
Third Line of defense:
immune system specific (specificity) |
1) specificity
-antigen triggers the production by lymphocytes to specific antibodies |
|
Third Line of defense:
immune system specific (diversity) |
can protect against millions of types of antigens using receptors
|
|
Third Line of defense:
immune system specific (memory) |
"acquired immunity"
-can react faster the next time memory cells made by 1 degree response used in 2 degree immune response |
|
Third Line of defense:
immune system specific (self/nonself recognition) |
self markers called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (HLA in humans) - biochemical fingerprints
|
|
Third Line of defense:
acquired immunity |
1) active - through recovery or vaccination
2) passive - transferred from other person |
|
Third Line of defense:
immune system responses |
1) humoral immunity - circulate antibodies against toxins, bacteria, viruses
2) cell-mediated immunity - lymphocytes fight antigens inside host's cells and fungi, protozoa & worms. also, attacks plants and cancer cells |
|
Third Line of defense:
Types of Lymphocytes |
B Cells (bone marrow) - humoral imm.
T Cells (thymus) - cell mediated -conc. in lymph nodes/spleen -both contain antigen and produce effector cells |
|
Third Line of Defense:
Antibodies |
Proteins called immunoglobins
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE -y shaped -attach to antigen's epitope and neutralize active site |
|
Third Line of Defense:
Antibodies- monoclonal |
antibodies from a single cell, all identical, formed by hybridoma technique
immunotoxin- antibody-toxin bullet |
|
Third Line of Defense:
blood transfusion |
type A has antigen A on rbc surface therefore A lysed if in type B person
RH FACTOR- another antigen on rbc antibodies can cross placenta |
|
Third Line of Defense:
Grafts & transplants |
to suppress rejection by Tc:
-need to match MHC of patients & donor -use drugs to suppress immune system |