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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cutaneous sensory innervation of the face
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Branches of all 3 divisions of the trigeminal (V)
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Forehead, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose
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V1-Opthalmic
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Lower eyelid, infra-orbital region, temporal region, sides of nose
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V2-Maxillary
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Chin, lower lip, cheek, temporal region
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V3-Mandibular
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Facial skin over the angle of the mandible and parotid region
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Great auricular nerve from cervical plexus, spinal nerves C2 & C3
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Mimetic muscles of the face
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VII-Facial
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Posteromedial scalp
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Greater occipital (C2 PR)
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Inferior to the ears
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Great auricular (C2,3 AR)
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In front of the ears
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Auriculotemporal (V3)
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SCALP
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1. Supraorbital (V1)
2. Zygomaticotemporal (V2) 3. Auriculotemporal (V3) 4. Lesser occipital 5. Great auricular *Both cervical plexus nerves: both C2,3 from cervical anterior rami 6. Greater occipital PR C2 7. Third occipital PR C3 *Posterior rami cutaneous branches of C2 (Greater occipital) and C3 (Third occipital) |
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Dura mater
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1. Branches of all 3 divisions of trigeminal
2. Branches from the upper cervical spinal nerves 3. Vagus |
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CN I Origin
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Olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex
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CN II Origin
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Lateral geniculate ganglia of the thalamus
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CN VIII Origin
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Junction of the pons and medulla (Vestibular nuclei at the junction of the pons and medulla; cochlear nuclei in the medulla)
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CN III Origin
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Motor nucleus in the midbrain near its junction with the pons
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CN IV Origin
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Motor nucleus of CN IV is in the midbrain; the motor fibers of IV decussate w/in the midbrain then exit from the posterior surface of the midbrain below the inferior colliculus.
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CN VI Origin
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Motor nucleus of CN VI is in the lower pons; leaves the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla
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CN XI Origin
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Rootlets emerge from the lateral side of the spinal cord-from the upper six cervical spinal cord segments. The cell bodies are in the accessory nuclei in the lateral part of anterior horn of grey of spinal cord segments C1-C6.
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CN XII Origin
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Arises as multiple rootlets from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla, between the pyramid and the olive.
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CN V Origin
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Emerges from the lateral pons as two independent roots (motor nucleus and sensory nucleus)
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CN VII Origin
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Exits at lower border of pons (leaves in 2 pieces: motor root of VII and nervous intermedius)
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CN IX Origin
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Medulla
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CN X Origin
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Emerge as rootlets from the medulla
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Ist Pharyngeal Arch
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CN V-Trigeminal
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2nd Pharyngeal Arch
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CN VII-Facial
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3rd Pharyngeal Arch
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CN IX-Glossopharyngeal
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4th Pharyngeal Arch
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CN X-Vagus; Superior Laryngeal Nerve
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6th Pharyngeal Arch
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CN X-Vagus; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
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Cutaneous branches of V1 (forehead, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose)
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1. Supratrochlear
2. Supraorbital 3. Medial and lateral lacrimal nerves 4. Infratrochlear nerve 5. External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve |
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Cutaneous branches of V2 (lower eyelid, infra-orbital region, temporal region, sides of nose)
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1. infraorbital
2. zygomaticofacial 3. zygomaticotemporal |
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Cutaneous branches of V3 (chin, lower lip, cheek, temporal region)
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1. mental
2. buccal 3. auriculotemporal |
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CN VII-Facial nerve branches
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1. temporal
2. zygomatic 3. buccal 4. mandibular 5. cervical |
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Bell's Palsy
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CN VII-Facial
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Parotid gland
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The parotid gland is innervated by postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers from CN IX/Glossopharyngeal that hitch a ride with the auriculotemporal (V3)
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Frontonasal prominence
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Gives rise to the forehead and nose-V1 innervation
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Maxillary prominences
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Give rise to the upper jaw-V2 innervation
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Mandibular prominences
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Give rise to the lower jaw-V3 innervation
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Sweat glands in the facial skin
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Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
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Arrector pili muscles in the facial skin
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Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
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Blood vessels in the facial skin
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Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
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Postganglionic sympathetic fivers leave the superior cervical ganglion and eventually hitch rides on cutaneous branches of what cranial nerve?
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CN V-Trigeminal
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Orbicularis oculi
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CN VII-Facial
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Levator palpebrae superioris
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CN III-Oculomotor
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Dilator pupillae
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The dilator pupillae is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers traveling in the long ciliary nerves of the nasociliary branch of CN V1/Opthalmic.
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Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN III-Oculomotor synapse?
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Ciliary ganglia
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Sphincter pupillae
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The sphincter pupillae is innervated by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers traveling in the short ciliary nerves from the ciliary ganglion (from Edinger-Westphal nucleus via inferior division of oculomotor nerve)
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Superior rectus
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CN III-Oculomotor
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Inferior rectus
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CN III-Oculomotor
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Medial rectus
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CN III-Oculomotor
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Levator palpebrae superioris
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CN III-Oculomotor
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Inferior oblique
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CN III-Oculomotor
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Superior oblique
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CN IV-Trochlear
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Lateral rectus
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CN VI-Abducens
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Superior ramus of CN III-Oculomotor innervates...
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1. superior rectus
2. levator palpebrae superioris |
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Inferior ramus of CN III-Oculomotor innervates...
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1. inferior rectus
2. medial rectus 3. inferior oblique 4. ciliary ganglion (preganglionic-parasympathetic) |
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Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapsing in the ciliary ganglion come from where?
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Edinger-Westphal nucleus
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Short ciliary nerves contain...
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1. postganglionic sympathetic fibers from carotid plexus
2. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from Edinger-Westphal nucleus 3. Sensory afferent fibers from nasociliary nerve (V1) |
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Where are the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the short ciliary nerves headed?
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1. sphincter pupillae muscles
2. ciliary muscles |
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V1-Opthalmic emerges from the trigeminal ganglion, goes through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, and enters the SOF. It usually splits into three branches just before it goes into the fissure. They are...
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1. lacrimal nerve
2. frontal nerve 3. nasociliary nerve |
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Sensation to the upper lateral skin of the eyelid
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Lacrimal nerve
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Sensation to the posterior ethmoid and sphenoidal sinuses
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posterior ethmoid (nasociliary-V1)
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Sensation to the middle and anterior ethmoid sinuses
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anterior ethmoid (nasociliary-V1)
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Sensation to small are of skin on the medial surface of the upper eyelid
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infratrochlear (nasociliary-V1)
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The lacrimal nerve receives what from V2?
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The lacrimal nerve receives postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion via zygomatic branch of V2.
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Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic fibers of the lacrimal nerve?
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pterygopalatine ganglion
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Tear production
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PS fibers from the zygomatic branch of V2 traveling in the lacrimal nerve (V1)
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Frontal nerve bifurcates into...
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1. supratrochlear
2. supraorbital |
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Nasociliary (V1) branches...
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1. anterior ethmoidal
2. posterior ethmoidal 3. long ciliary nerves (carrying sympathetic fibers to dilator pupillae of iris and sensory fibers from the cornea) 4. infratrochlear nerve |
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Long ciliary nerves carry...
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Long ciliary nerves (from nasociliary branch of V1-opthalmic) carry both sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae of the iris and sensory fibers from the cornea.
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CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear 2 branches
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1. vestibular nerve
2. cochlear nerve |
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Most of the auricle is innervated by...
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1. Great auricular nerve (from cervical plexus)
2. Auriculotemporal nerve (from V3) Tiny contributions to the skin of the concha are made by twigs from the facial and vagus nerves |
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External acoustic meatus
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1. Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
2. Auricular branch of the vagus |
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External surface of the tympanic membrane
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1. Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
2. Auricular branch of the vagus |
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Internal surface of the tympanic membrane
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Sensory innervation from CN IX-Glossopharyngeal
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Tensor tympani
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Medial pterygoid nerve from V3
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Tensor veli palatini
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Medial pterygoid nerve from V3
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Stapedius
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Nerve to stapedius-CN VII-Facial
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Mucosa of the tympanic cavity
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Tympanic branch of CN IX-Glossopharyngeal
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Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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chorda tympani-CN VII-Facial
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Tympanic plexus receives contributions from...
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1. Tympanic nerve (Jacobsen's)-CN IX-Glossopharyngeal (tympanic nerve also carries preganglionic secretomotor fibers that enter the lesser petrosal nerve)
2. Caroticotympanic nerves (contain postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that supply smooth muscle in blood vessels) |
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Eustachian/pharyngotympanic tube
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Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)
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Mucosa of the tympanic cavity
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Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)
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Inner aspect of the tympanic cavity
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Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)
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Mastoid antrum
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Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)
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Mastoid air cells
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Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)
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What supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion?
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Lesser petrosal nerve from the tympanic plexus supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
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Receptor cells in the vestibular organs; neuron type and cell body location?
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1. bipolar neurons
2. cell bodies in the vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion) |
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Receptors in the Organ of Corti; neuron type and cell body location?
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1. bipolar neurons
2. cell bodies in the cochlear ganglion (spiral ganglion) |
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Major nerve of the ITF?
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V3-mandibular
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Components of V3?
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1. Sensory root
2. Smaller motor root |
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MCF dura mater
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meningeal branch of V3
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medial pterygoid muscle
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V3
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Anterior and Posterior deep temporal nerves
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V3
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Masseteric nerve
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V3
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Lateral pterygoid muscle
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V3
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Buccal branch of trigeminal
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V3
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Twigs from the main trunk of V3
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1. meningeal branch
2. nerve to medial pterygoid 3. nerve to tensor veli palatini 4. nerve to tensor tympani |
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Branches from the anterior division of V3
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1. deep temporal nerves (anterior and posterior)
2. masseteric nerve 3. nerve to lateral pterygoid 4. buccal nerve (sensory) |
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Branches from the posterior division of V3
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1. lingual nerve
2. inferior alveolar nerve 2b. nerve to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric 3. auriculotemporal |
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What nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (efferents) to the submandibular ganglion?
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chorda tympani-CN VII-Facial
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The chorda tympani carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (efferents) to what ganglion?
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submandibular
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Posterior superior alveolar nerves
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V2
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Upper molar teeth and related gingivae
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Posterior superior alveolar nerves from V2
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Relay point for the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the lesser petrosal nerve-CN IX-Glossopharyngeal.
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Otic ganglion
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Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion travel with the auriculotemporal (V3) to...
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parotid gland
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Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion travel with what nerve to reach the parotid gland?
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auriculotemporal (V3)
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Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what ganglion travel with auricultemporal (V3) to reach the parotid gland?
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otic ganglion
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TMJ
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Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
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Sensory ganglion of CN V?
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Trigeminal ganglion (semilunar/Gasserian)
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Sensory ganglion of CN VII?
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Geniculate ganglion
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Sensory ganglion of CN VIII?
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Cochlear ganglion (spiral)
Vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's) |
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Sensory ganglion of CN IX?
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1. Superior ganglion of IX (jugular ganglion of IX)
2. Inferior ganglion of IX (petrous ganglion) |
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Sensory ganglion of CN X?
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1. Superior ganglion of X (jugular ganglion of X)
2. Inferior ganglion of X (nodose ganglion) |
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Ciliary ganglion
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preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN III synapse on neurons in the ciliary ganglion
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Pterygopalatine ganglion
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(sphenopalatine ganglion) preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN VII synapse on neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion
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Submandibular ganglion
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preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN VII synapse on neurons in the submandibular ganglion
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Otic ganglion
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preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN IX synapse on neurons in the otic ganglion
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Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in what cranial nerve synapse on two different parasympathetic ganglia in the head?
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CN VII-Facial
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Purely sensory cranial nerves
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I, II, VIII
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Mainly motor cranial nerves
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III, IV, VI, XI, XII
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Mixed cranial nerves
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V, VII, IX, X
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Special sensory cranial nerves
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I, II, VIII
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Nasociliary nerve route relative to superior oblique and medial rectus
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The nasociliary nerve passes medially between the superior oblique and medial rectus
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Sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris are carried by...
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Long ciliary nerves from the nasociliary nerve of V1 carry sympathetiic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle of theirs and also carry sensory fibers from the cornea.
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Sensory innervation to the sphenoidal sinuses
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Posterior ethmoid branch of nasociliary (V1)
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Sensory innervation to the middle and anterior ethmoid sinuses
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Anterior ethmoid branch of nasociliary (V1)
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Sensory innervation to the posterior ethmoid
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Posterior ethmoid branch of nasociliary (V1)
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Taste and somatic sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue
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CN IX-Glossopharyngeal
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