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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of the skin |
Protection; Vitamin D production; sensory organ; temperature regulation; excretion of waste |
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Layers of the skin |
Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous |
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Epidermis (description) |
Outer layer of skin; avascular-no blood vessels; cells move outward through layers and eventually slough off; keratin; melanin |
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Keratin |
Produced by the keratinocytes; waterproof the skin |
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Melanin |
Produced by the melanocytes; cause pigmentation within the skin, hair, and eyes |
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Dermis (description) |
Layer of skin under the epidermis; thicker than epidermis; made up of connective tissue fibers; contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin; dermal papillae |
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Dermal Papillae |
Ridges that allow us to feel textures, hold, and manipulate things (what makes finger prints) |
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Subcutaneous |
Not part of the true skin; connective tissue that connects the skin to the muscle and organs underneath; composed of fat that helps insulate the body from heat and cold, provides protective padding, and serves as an energy storage area; contains nerve endings responsible for deep pressure and blood vessels; where many liquid injections are given (use a hypodermic needle); also called hypodermis or superficial fascia |
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Glands of the skin |
Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands); Sebaceous Glands (oil glands) |
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Sudoriferous Glandsecc |
Most numerous gland in the skin; two types - eccrine and apocrine; primary function- regulates body temperature by evaporation of water; eliminates waste as sweat, a mixture of water, ammonia, sugar, salts, urea, lactic acid, amino acids, uric acids, ascorbic acids |
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Eccrine |
Widespread |
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Apocrine |
Armpit; groin |
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Sebaceous Glands |
Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles; secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts; keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle; keeps skin soft and pliable; inhibits growth of certain bacteria |
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Hairpar |
Grows from the epidermis; composed of dead (keratinized) skin cells; primary functions - guests the scalp from injury and sunlight, eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eye, ears and nose hair keeps our foreign objects; helps regulate body temperature; touch receptors associated with hair follicles |
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Parts of hair |
Hair shaft - visible part; hair root - part below the skin; hair bulb - enlarged/deepest section from which the hair grows |
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Nails |
Plates of tightly packed dead cells (keratin) of the epidermis; helps to grasp and manipulate small objects |
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Parts of the nail |
Free edge - hangs off; nail body - main part; lunula - circle at the bottom of nail; cuticle (eponychium) - below the lunula; nail root - hold’s nail to finger |
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Acne |
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles; puss pockets and red blotches; treat with topical creams that dry the skin out and oral antibiotics that decrease the inflammation of the sebaceous glands |
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Athlete’s Foot |
Tinea fungus; itching, burning, and cracked, scaly skin between the toes and on the feet; grows best in damp, dark, warm places; over-the-counter antifungal cream‘s, prescription medicines for more serious infection |
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Ringworm |
Tinea fungus; Red skin rash that forms a ring on normal looking skin; not caused by a worm; over-the-counter antifungal creams |
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Jock Itch |
Tinea fungus; itchy burning rash in the groin area; over-the-counter antifungal creams |
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Vitiligo |
Genetic, autoimmune, or endocrine issues;milky-white patches on the skin, usually on hands, face, genitalia, and body folds; drugs or hormones to darken the skin areas, in extreme cases skin transplants can be done |
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Alopecia (baldness) |
Genetics, endocrine issues; absence or loss of hair (abnormal); decreasing stress, oral or topical medications, and transplants |
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Decubitus Ulcers (bedsores) |
Long term constant press to one area; open sore (ulcer) usually over a bony prominence; antibiotics, change of position, debridement of damaged tissue while healing occurs |
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Eczema |
Information usually from allergic reaction or irritation; redness of the skin, rash, swelling of capillaries; depends on the cause, can include oral or topical medications |
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Hirsutism |
Abnormally high hormone levels or by hair follicles that are more sensitive to normal androgen levels; excessive dark, thick hair grows where it normally doesn’t grow, especially in women; hormone treatments |
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Urticaria (hives) |
Reaction to allergens or even psychological stress; outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques on the skin that appear suddenly, can be itchy; removal of the irritant and oral or topical medications |
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Burns |
Caused by exposure to heat source, electrical current, or chemicals; damage to layers of the skin and underlying tissue; 1 degree - partial thickness (red, dry, and hot) 2 degree - partial thickness (red, hot, wet, with blisters) 3 degree - full thickness (into subcutaneous or deeper, initially no feeling) Treatment: 1 degree - cool under cool running water; 2 degree - cool as above, do not pop blisters; 3 degree - cover lightly to prevent infection, get to the hospital |
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Skin Cancer |
Cancerous uncontrollable growth of cells; often caused by prolonged exposure to the sun - 90% of skin cancer is caused by the sun; three common types - basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma |
The most common form of skin cancer – 1 million new cases estimated in the US each year; begins in the basal cell layer of skin; occurs most frequently on the sun exposed areas like the face, neck, ears, scalp, shoulders, and back; rarely spreads, can be removed easily in most cases |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
Begins in squamous cells; in dark skinned people it is found in areas not in the sun; inin light skinned people it is found in areas in the sun; can spread to other body parts and is harder to remove |
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Malignant Melanoma |
Least common but most serious type of skin cancer; develops in the cell that produce melanin, melanoma can also form in your eyes and rarely in internal organs, such as your intestines; melanomas grow from the inside out, so they can go unnoticed for a long time |
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ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer |
A - assymetry B - border C - color D - diameter E - elevation/evolution |
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Dermatologist |
Science that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails; 12 years of education; around $200,000 a year |
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Medical Photographer |
Produce accurate and objective images that record injuries and diseases, as well as the progress of operations and medical procedures, their images may also be used for education material such as textbooks, pamphlets, presentations, etc.; 4 years of education; $22-$25 an hour |
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Physician Assistant (PA) |
Medical providers who are licensed to diagnose and treat illnesses and diseases and to prescribe medication for patients; 7 to 10 years of education; $98,000+ per year |
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Plastic Surgeon |
Surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body; two categories - reconstructive and cosmetic; 13+ years of schooling; $405,000+ per year |
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Reconstructive Surgery |
Reconstructs body parts or improve functions |
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Cosmetic Surgery |
Improve appearances |