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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Universality |
Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all, despite the differences of experiencecand upbringing. |
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Gender Bias |
Psychological research or theory that may offer a view that does not justifiably represent the experience the experience and behaviour of men and women. |
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Androcentrism |
Male-centred; when normal behaviour is judged according to a male standard. |
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Alpha Bias |
Psychologicql theories that suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. May enhance or undervalue members of either sex |
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Beta Bias |
Theories that ignore or minimise differences between the sexes. |
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Cultural Bias |
The tendency to ignore cultural difference and interpret all phenomena through the lens of one's own culture. |
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Enthocentrism |
Judging other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture. In extreme form it is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture. |
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Cultural Relativism |
The idea that norms and values, as well as ethics and moral standards, can only be meaningful and understood within specific social and cultural contexts. |
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Free Will |
The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces. |
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Determinism |
The view that an individual's behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than am individual's will to do something. |
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Hard Determinism |
Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal or external events beyond our control. |
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Soft Determinism |
All events, including human behaviour, have causes, but behaviour can also be determined by our conscious choices in the absence of coercion. |
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Biological Determinism |
The belief that behaviour is caused by biological influences that we cannot control. |
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Environmental Determinism |
The belief that behaviour is caused by features of the environment that we cannot control. |
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Psychic Determinism |
The belief that behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts that we cannot control. |
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The Nature-Nurture Debate |
Concerned with the extent to which asoects of behaviour are a product of inherited or acquired characteristics. |
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Heredity |
The genetic transmission of mental and physical characteristics from one generation to another. |
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Alpha Bias Example |
Sociobiological Theory: Males interest to sleep with as many women and Females interest to find a single man. |
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Beta Bias Example |
Fight or Flight Response: Only based upon male participants. |
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Androcentrism Example |
PMS: Isn't seen as important to males, it is stereotyped. |
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Ethnocentrism Example |
Strange Situation: Reflects only norms and values of American culture. |
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Cultural Relativism - Emic Approach |
Functions within or inside certain cultures and identifies behaviourd that are specific to that culture. |
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Cultural Relativism - Etic Approach |
Looks at behaviour from outside of a given culture and attempts to describe those behaviours that are universal. |
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Nature-Nurture Debate - Epigenetics |
Change in our genetic activity without changing our genetic code. It is a process that happens throughout life and is caused by interaction with the environment. |
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Holism and Reductionism - Levels of Explanations |
Psychology itself can be also placed within a hierarchy of science with the more precise and micro of these disciplines at the bottom and the more general and macro of these at the top. |
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Idiographic Examples |
Humanistic and Psychodynamic |
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Nomothetic Approach Examples |
Behaviourist, Cognitive and Biological |
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Ethical Issues in Socially Sensitive Research |
A number of concerns that researchers should be mindful of when conducting socially sensitive research: Implications, Uses/Public Policy, Validity of Research |
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