Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
With African Tribal music, _______ participation is commonplace. Everyone participates, not just a gifted few.
|
Mass
|
|
With African Tribal music, _______ is an important part of everyday life. All _______: weddings, births, deaths, etc. celebrated through music.
|
Music, rituals
|
|
With African Tribal Music, _______ rhythms/_______ are prevalent throughout African Music, which is one of the foundations that _______ is built upon.
|
Cross, polymeters, jazz
|
|
The vocal quality in _______ Music resulted in shouts, cries, rasps, bends. _______ instrumentalists later incorporated these characteristics.
|
African Tribal, Jazz
|
|
An important link between the music of Africa & Jazz was _______ and _______, an important type of musical participation that originated from _______ music.
|
call, response, african tribal
|
|
African tribal music was fundamentally _______ and _______ prominent.
|
rhythmic, improvisation
|
|
_______ Culture was American Transplantation of African Tribal Music.
|
Slave
|
|
When we are studying the development of Jazz, we have to concern ourselves with the _______ the slave made to fit into a new culture.
|
modifications
|
|
Field in New Orleans where slaves were allowed to engage in tribal customs and drumming
|
Congo Square
|
|
Slaves developed a musical practice of their own, which combined _______ man's musical elements with their own.
|
white
|
|
A slave culture song type that took white gospel harmonies & added own vocal inflections? They had sad titles, in hopes of _______ (Ex: Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child - Paul Robeson)
|
Spiritual, releasing
|
|
A slave culture song type whose purpose was to keep mood up, increase productivity, rhythm in which to work? They had _______ and _______.
|
work song, leader, respondants
|
|
A slave culture song type that used word masking (innocent words that mean something else), shouts, cries; a form of communicating?
|
Field Holler
|
|
In Slave Culture, _______ instruments were used (whatever they could get their hands on).
|
Ad Hoc
|
|
In Slave Culture, _______ influences began to enter into the music; Instruments, harmony.
|
European
|
|
Court case ruling that blacks were separate but equal. Also stated that if you had a drop of black blood in your ancestry, you were black.
|
Plessy vs. Ferguson
|
|
How did Slave Culture affect Jazz? It combined educated _______ & others of mixed blood with "Pure" _______; breaking down the stratification of _______ Culture.
|
Creoles, blacks, black
|
|
The text of the Blues was basically a _______ and _______ form. The text is typically _______ lines. Each stanza or phrase is a complete _______. Text is often topical.
|
call, response, 3, story
|
|
What do the 3 lines of the blues consist of?
|
A= Statement
A1= Repetition B= Response (usually rhyme) |
|
The Blues commonly discuss _______ and _______. It is a very _______ form of communication. Early blues acts were _______ acts which maximized _______ & _______ (new lyrics, harmonies).
|
men, women, personal, solo, freedom, improvisation
|
|
Rural/Country Blues was a product of Rural _______. The music was for _______/_______ function. The performers were often _______ or _______. It was usually sung by _______ and was mostly improvised.
|
south, personal, community, blind, disabled, men
|
|
Rural/Country Blues had a rough _______ & _______. It had little _______, free _______, and was not usually _______ bars. It had simple music and chord _______. It was sung alone or with _______ accompaniment, unsophisticated music.
|
style, diction, structure, forms, 12, progressions, guitar
|
|
A Blues singer's early role model, work song leader and convicted felon, brought to NY by Lomaxes
|
Huddie "Leadbelly" Leadbetter
|
|
Who was influenced heavily by Huddie "Leadbelly" Leadbetter?
|
Robert "Noah" Johnson
|
|
Who developed the slide guitar technique and was poisoned for messing around with another man's wife?
|
Robert "Noah" Johnson
|
|
Location of City/Urban Blues?
|
North
|
|
What type of music discusses city life... crime, paying the rent, getting food, etc.?
|
City/Urban Blues
|
|
Were City/Urban Blues performers paid?
|
Yes, they were professionals
|
|
City/Urban blues had _______ performers, and were audience concert oriented (for _______). It was readily adopted by _______ world, and often-times focused on _______-oriented subjects.
|
women, entertainment, white, sex
|
|
City/Urban Blues had a _______-theatrical style. It was performed with _______ (jazz band) accompaniment, had little _______ (blues with lyrics, written out blues). It had steady _______, and used standard blues chord changes & lengths (_______ bar blues).
|
smooth, instrumental, improvisation, tempi, 12-16 bar blues
|
|
A _______ writes new original music.
|
composer
|
|
A(n) _______ takes previously composed music & arranges it in the way they'd like it to be played; not original.
|
arranger
|
|
Whose most famous composition was "St. Louis Blues"?
|
W.C. Handy
|
|
Mother of the Blues
|
Ma Rainey
|
|
Who was an early city blues role model (woman)?
|
Ma Rainey
|
|
Who was one of the first black female vocalists to perform blues with jazz band accompaniment?
|
Ma Rainey
|
|
Empress of the Blues
|
Bessie Smith
|
|
Everything about Bessie Smith was _______. Volume of _______ was tremendous. She was 5'9", 210 pounds. She began making records for Columbia, making $_______ per year, which was a lot during the Depression. Her records sold in large numbers, her value to club owners increased. Received up to _______ a week for personal appearances. She died in a car accident.
|
imposing, voice, $20,000, $2,500
|
|
Effects of the Blues on Instrumental Jazz:
(Reasons why the blues became an important vehicle for jazz musicians) - The blues is an extremely _______ form. - The blues can be _______ altered to be as complex as the compose/performer desires. - The blues is common to all _______ players. This provides all future jazz players a common ground to work with. |
flexible, harmonically, jazz
|
|
What type of music (1895-1917) originated from the "cakewalk" dance?
|
Ragtime
|
|
Characteristics of Ragtime:
- primarily a _______ music - no _______ -> written out - "Ragged Time", simple _______ rhythms -_______-like - Piano _______ became popular, very mechanical - Called for _______ |
piano, improvisation, syncopated, machine, rolls, publication
|
|
The form of ragtime was derived form the _______ form.
- _______ bar intro - Usually _______ distinct themes - Contains a _______(D.C. al fine) and a _______ - Has a _______ (contrasting section) - new key, idea, everything |
march, 4, 4, da capo, fine, trio
|
|
contrasting section in ragtime music, where there's a new key, idea, everything
|
trio
|
|
Locations & Happenings of Ragtime:
_______, MO _______, LA |
Sedalia, New Orleans
|
|
In 1897 (Ragtime era), New Orleans mayor, Sidney Story, passed an ordinance moving all houses of prostitution to a 38 square block area which become known as _______. (1500-2200 registered prostitutes)
|
Storyville
|
|
In Storyville, the brothers needed music so jazz _______ got lots of opportunity to work. Small spaces forced pianists to work alone. Storyville brought _______ and _______ musicians together.
|
pianists, black, tan
|
|
composition of ragtime
|
rag
|
|
Piano Technique of Ragtime:
- Left Hand- _______ (Harmony/Chords; Boom-chuck) - Right Hand- _______ melody |
leaping, syncopated
|
|
William Krell was a _______ during the Ragtime era.
|
composer
|
|
Who's composition, Mississippi Rag, was the first piece of music to be labeled a "rag"?
|
William Krell
|
|
_______ music was the first black music to achieve widespread popularity & acclaim.
|
Ragtime
|
|
Who was the most popular person in ragtime?
|
Scott Joplin
|
|
consummate genius of ragtime
|
Scott Joplin
|
|
Scott Joplin received _______ training in music theory, composition, and was exposed to opera and other traditional large forms of music. He attended George Smith College for negroes where he studied _______. Joplin believed in the importance of _______. His education was a decisive factor in establishing a framework for classic _______.
|
formal, composition, education, ragtime
|
|
The name of Joplin's first set of published rags (Maple Leaf Rag is part of this collection)
|
Original Rags
|
|
Joplin and other ragtime composers viewed themselves as American _______ Composers.
|
Classical
|
|
In 1903, Scott Joplin wrote his first opera, _______.
|
Guest of Honor
|
|
In 1912, Scott Joplin completed his second opera "Treemonisha". His music influenced the shape & spirit of much of America's _______ century music.
|
20th
|
|
Who composed 600 rags, 2 operas and 1 ballet? (famous ragtime composer)
|
Scott Joplin
|
|
Ragtime evolved into the solo piano style known as _______.
|
Stride
|
|
a piano style of the swing era
|
Stride
|
|
1915-1935: Stride
Features: 1. _______ 2. Popular tunes interpreted in a _______ fashion 3. Generally _______ tempos 4. Formal structure of _______ ignored 5. Heavily influenced by _______ classical musicians because it was a very technical type of music. 6. _______ playing 7. _______ Coast/ _______ City |
Improvisation, jazz, faster, ragtime, european, virtuosic, east, New York
|
|
Stride:
Like ragtime, stride performers still played _______ notes with left hand. Right hand was very _______, improvisation. |
bass, technical
|
|
two opposite piano styles
|
stride & ragtime
|
|
"Father" of stride
|
James P. Johnson
|
|
_______ was to stride what Huddy Leadbetter was to blues... a transitional figure connecting two styles, in this case, ragtime with stride.
|
James P. Johnson
|
|
A composer/stride pianist who was a very popular musical figure. He began as _______ movie organist at Lincoln theatre. He listened to and copied _______ by James P. Johnson. He played a command recital for _______. He also wrote several stage shows such as: _______.
|
Thomas "Fats" Waller, silent, piano rolls, Al Capone, Hot Chocolate/Tan Toppics
|
|
Quintessential stride player
|
Art Tatum
|
|
A blind stride piano player who had astounding technique, classical greats envied him
|
Art Tatum
|
|
What form of music originated in the 20s when white groups began copying blacks?
|
Dixieland
|
|
What function did the cornet/trumpet have in the early new orleans dixieland?
|
melody
|
|
What function did the clarinet have in the early new orleans dixieland?
|
arpeggios above cornet, fast lines, obligato
|
|
What function did the trombone have in the early new orleans dixieland?
|
embellished basslines
|
|
What function did the tuba have in the early new orleans dixieland?
|
root or bottom note of chord
|
|
What function did the banjo have in the early new orleans dixieland?
|
chords
|
|
What function did the drums have in the early new orleans dixieland?
|
rhythm & effects
|
|
Early New Orleans Dixieland is like a _______ band.
|
marching
|
|
Why was the banjo used instead of a guitar in Early New Orleans Dixieland?
|
It is louder, carries better.
|
|
Characteristics of New Orleans Dixieland:
- Group or collective _______. Horn players (front line) improvise contrapuntal melodies above the steady tempo of the rhythm section. - Flat _______ Rhythm - ;play chords on every beat - _______ and _______- from African tribal music - _______/Trumpet: "King" |
improvisation, 4, call, response, cornet
|
|
Who became the essence of Dixieland music?
|
Louis Armstrong
|
|
Who makes up the front line in New Orleans Jazz?
|
trombone, cornet, clarinet
|
|
Who was responsible for "fixing" the instrumentation used in dixieland groups?
|
Buddy Bolden (cornet)
|
|
Who was the cornetist that was the mentor of Louis Armstrong?
|
Joseph "King" Oliver
|
|
Joseph "King" Oliver was the leader of the _______ Jazz Band. In 1918, he moved to Chicago, close to Storyville for work. Later he sent for _______ to join his band. He was one of the early cornet soloists to employ different _______ sounds such as the plunger and derby.
|
Creole, Armstrong, muted
|
|
Who was the group that recorded the first Dixieland Jazz Record?
|
Original Dixieland Jass (Jazz) Band
|
|
Ferdinand Joseph "Jelly Roll" Morton introduced many new ideas & innovations to jazz. He was the first to introduce the _______ feel. He used various formal designs & styles.He used contrasts in musical compositions.
|
swing
|
|
Who was Jazz's first great arranger?
|
Ferdinand Joseph "Jelly Roll" Morton
|
|
What was the name of Ferdinand Joseph "Jelly Roll" Morton's band?
|
Red Hot Peppers
|
|
Chicago Style Dixieland came about as a result of a move from New Orleans for _______/_______.
|
jobs, technology
|
|
What are some of the differences with Chicago Style Dixieland from New Orlean Style?
- _______ replaces clarinet. - _______ replaces banjo. - Intros/endings more _______ - More complex _______ added - Individual _______ featured - Less emphasis on _______ rhythm (start to hear swing) |
saxophone, guitar, arranged, harmonies, soloists, flat 4
|
|
Some of Louis Armstrong's nicknames were:
|
Po[ps, Satchmo
|
|
Who had humble beginnings in crime-ridden neighborhood in New Orleans?
|
Louis Armstrong
|
|
Louis Armstrong joined _______ Creole Jazz Band in Chicago, and musically and technically surpasses all other members of band. His _______ was so powerful the recording engineer put him 20 ft behind others at his first recording session. In 1924, he joins Fletcher Anderson's band in _______ & instantly gains admiration for his great abilities.
|
King Oliver's, tone, NYC
|
|
What was the first band under Louis Armstrong's name?
|
Hot Five & Hot Seven
|
|
Louis Armstrong became America's first jazz _______ on a trip to England.
|
ambassador
|
|
Most popular recording of Louis Armstrong's career, though musically not very valuable
|
Hello Dolly (1964)
|
|
Louis Armstrong starred in several _______.
|
motion pictures
|
|
First great jazz soloist
|
Louis Armstrong
|
|
Louis Armstrong transcended his instrument to influence all _______ and _______.
|
instrumentalists, vocalists
|
|
Who *recorded* first scat solo and extended the role of soloists?
|
Louis Armstrong
|
|
Louis Armstrong expands _______ and _______ possibilities. He used a wide range of dramatic effects such as _______ and _______. He had an unparalleled sense of _______ and _______.
|
range, technical, vibrato, glissandi, rhythm, timing
|
|
Louis Armstrong was a great _______! His solos seemed like compositions, have form & great communication.
|
improviser
|
|
Jazz's First Great Composer & Arranger
|
Jelly Roll Morton
|
|
First Jazz Musician to star in major motion picture
|
Louis Armstrong
|
|
What was Louis Armstrong featured in for the first time in 1931?
|
His First Movie, Ex-Flame
|
|
Who was the leader of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and what did he play?
|
Nick LaRocca, cornet
|
|
Whose death was blamed on a voodoo spell?
|
Jelly Roll Morton
|
|
Who first called Joe Oliver, "King?"
|
Kid Ory
|
|
What was Louis Armstrong's biggest selling record?
|
Hello Dolly
|
|
What was the name of the first record ever recorded?
|
Livery Stable Blues
|
|
Name one sideman in the Red Hot Peppers.
|
Kid Ory
|
|
What was the name of Louis Armstrong's band?
|
Hot Fives and Sevens
|
|
What instrument did King Oliver first play?
|
trombone
|
|
What was the name of Jelly Roll's band?
|
Red Hot Peppers
|
|
Dixieland's repertoire is generally more _______, _______ than New Orleans Jazz.
|
predictable, consistent
|
|
The clarinet plays pattern of melodies around _______ and _______.
|
clarinet, trombone
|
|
Small Group Front Line Instruments?
|
cornet, trumpet, clarinet
|
|
an American jazz cornetist, jazz pianist, and composer of the 1920s
|
Bix Beiderbecke
|