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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
muscle origin |
proximal attachment more stable |
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muscle insertion |
distal attachment movable muscle contractions brings attachments together |
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muscle action |
joint motion resulting from muscle contraction |
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innervation |
nerve supply to the muscle |
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agonist |
muscle or muscle group that causes a specific movement prime mover |
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antagonist |
muscle or muscle group that apposes agonist |
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prime mover |
muscle primarily responsible for an action |
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assisting mover |
muscle that assists prime mover in providing motion |
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co-contraction |
agonist and antagonist contracting together to provide stability |
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synergists |
muscles that work together |
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force couple |
muscles that work together in opposite directions to produce torque in the same rotational direction |
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Mono-articular muscle |
Involving just one joint |
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Bi-articular muscles |
muscles that cross two joints rather than just one |
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Irritability |
(excitability) muscles receive and respond to stimulation. |
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Contractability
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allows muscles to change shape to become shorter and thicker.
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Extendibility
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living muscle cells can be stretched and extended; longer and thinner. |
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Elasticity
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once the stretching force is removed a living muscle cell retains it's original shape. |
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isometric |
contraction where length doesn't change |
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concentric |
contraction where muscle shortens |
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eccentric |
contraction where muscle lengthens |
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muscle naming |
1-location 2-shape 3-action 4-number of heads 5-attachments 6-direction of fibers 7-size |
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sarcomere |
basic contractile unit of muscle
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sarcomere composed of 2 main protein filaments |
actin and myosin |
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parallel muscle fiber arrangement |
tends to be longer and have greater range of motion |
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oblique muscle fiber arrangement |
shorter and more numerous (dense) great strength |
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strap muscles |
parallel long and thin fibers running entire length e.g. rectus abdominis |
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fusiform muscles |
parallel wider in the middle and tapered at ends most fibers run entire length e.g. biceps brachii |
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rhomboid muscle |
parallel 4 sided usually flat e.g. rhomboids in shoulder girdle |
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triangular muscle |
parallel narrow attachment at insertion and broad attachment at origin e.g. pectoralis major |
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unipennate |
oblique resembles one side of a feather short fibers attaching diagonally into a central tendon |
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bipennate |
oblique feather like appearance short fibers bilaterally attaching diagonally into a central tendon e.g. rectus abdominus |
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multipenate |
oblique muscles have many tendons with oblique fibers between them e.g. deltoid |
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line of pull |
direction of muscle's force if it crosses a joint it acts on the joint crosses pulls joint |
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length tension relationship |
strength greatest at mid length less at extremes |
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active insufficiency |
point muscle can not contract further due to tension within the muscle is insufficient at both extremes (agonist) usually bi-articulate muscle |
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passive insufficiency |
point muscle can not stretch further due to stretch-ability within the muscle is insufficient at joints (antagonist) usually bi-articulate muscle |
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tenodesis |
with elbow on table, flexing the wrist has a tendency to extend fingers
opposite movement flexes fingers |