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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two componenets of blood.
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Blood plasma (liquids) and formed elements (solids).
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Three types of formed elements in blood.
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Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes.
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Erythrocytes
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Red blood cells.
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Thrombocytes
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Blood platelets.
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Leukocytes
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Whtie blood cells.
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Hematopoiesis
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Formation of blood cells.
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Where does hematopoiesis take place?
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In red bone marrow, in the epiphyses of long bones or the spongy bone of flat bones.
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Hemosytoblast
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A luripotential stem cell which can turn into erythrocytes, thrombocytes, or leukocytes.
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Polycythemia
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Too many red blood cells.
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Anemia
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Too few red blood cells.
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Thromocytosis
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Too many blood platelets.
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Thrombocytopenia
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Too few blood platelets.
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Leukocytosis
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Too many leukocytes.
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Leukopenia
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Too few leukocytes.
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Approximately how many red blood cells are in one microliter of blood?
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4-6 million.
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What is the shape of red blood cells?
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They are circular and biconcave discs.
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Are red blood cells nucleated or anucleated?
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Anucleted, which means they can't divide.
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Erythropoiesis
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Formation of red blood cells.
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Start cell and end cell of erythropoiesis.
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Starts as a hemocytoblast and ends as a erythrocyte.
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What is the function of erythrocytes?
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To transport respiratory gases.
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About how many hemoglobin molecules are there per red blood cell?
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250 million.
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How many oxygen molecules can a single hemoglobin molecule carry?
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4.
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Why can a hemoglobin molecule carry only 4 oxygen molecules?
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Because the oxygen binds to the heme group and each hemoglobin molecule only has 4 heme groups.
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What percent of oxygen is carried by hemoglobin?
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98.5%.
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What percent of carbon dioxide is carried by hemoglobin?
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20%.
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About how many thrombocytes are there per microliter of blood?
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150,000-400,000.
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What are thrombocytes (from what do they originate)?
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They are cytoplasic fragments of megackaryocytes.
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Megakaryocyte
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A cell in red bone marrow.
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What is the function of thrombocytes?
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The stoppage of blood flow; blood clotting.
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Three steps from the formation of throbocytes.
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Hemocytoblast, megakaryocyte, platelets.
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List all five leukocytes.
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Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
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Eosin
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An acid dye which stains red.
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Methylene Blue
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A basic dye which stains dark blue/black.
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List all five leukocytes in order of abundance from most to least abundant.
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Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil.
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Neutrophil
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50-70%, 10-12 micromiters, basophilic, banded or 2-6 lobes, eosin & methylene blue eye, functions in phagocytosis and exocytosis, granulocyte, microphage, polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
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Basophil
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0.5-1%, 10-14 micrometers, basophilic, usually biloped, methylene blue dye, causes inflammation and allergies, granulocyte, similar to mast cells in tissues.
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Eosinophil
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2-5%, 10-14 micrometers, basophillic, usually bilobed, eosin dye, functions in destroying parastic worms and stopping inflammation, granulocyte, works hand in hand with basophils.
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Monocyte
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3-8%, 14-24 micrometers, basophilic, often folded or indented, functions in phagocytosis (cell eating), agranulocyte, becomes a macrophage in tissues.
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Lymphocyte
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25-45%, 5-17 micrometers, basophilic, clumped cromatin, functions in immune response, agranulocyte, has 3 main types (B cells, T cells, and NK cells).
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Which leukocyte is the largest?
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Monocyte.
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Clumsp of this are seen in the nucleus of a lymphocyte.
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Chromatin.
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Leukocyte which has relatively large cytoplasim granules that stain red.
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Eosinophil.
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Larger of the two blood cells that lack a nucleus.
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Erythrocyte.
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The nucleus of this leukocyte looks foamy or spongy.
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Monocyte.
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The usual shape of nuclei of basophils and eosinophils.
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Bilobed.
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Leukocyte which has rather large cytoplasmic granules that stain blue-black.
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Basophil.
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leukocyte whichhas a large round nucelus that almost fill the cell.
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Lymphocyte.
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Lympocyte that has a nucleus which can be banded or segmented.
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Neutrophil.
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A monocyte that goes into tissues.
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Macrophage.
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Generally the least plentiful type of white blood cell.
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Basophil.
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Leukocyte which releases chemicals that help cause inflammation.
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Basophil.
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Because of their function, neutrophils have this nickname.
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Macrophage.
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Because of the shape of their nuclei, neutrophils have this nickname.
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Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
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Leukocyte which has relatively small granules in the cytoplasm that are visible with the compound microscope.
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Neutrophil.
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The most plentiful type of blood cell.
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Red blood cell.
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Leukocyte which releases chemicals that help stop inflammation.
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Eosinophil.
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Leukocyte which has cytoplasmic granules that are both acidophilic and basophilic.
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Neutrophil.
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