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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
genetics
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the study of heredity
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heredity
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the process by which organisms pass genetic traits to their offspring
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genetic discrimination
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differential treatment of individuals based on their actual or presumed genetic differences
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genetic engineering
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manipulating DNA within cells of plants and animals to ensure that certain traits will be eliminated in offspring and that desireable traits will be passed on
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clone
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an organism grown aseually, usually from single cell of the parent
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xenotransplantation
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transplanting animal tissues and organs into humans
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stem cells
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early embrionic cells that hace the potential to become any type of body cell
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gene therapy
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treating harmful genetic diseases or traits by eliminating or modifying the harmful gene
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in vitro fertilization (IVF)
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fertilization that takes place outside a woman's body, literally in glass, as in a test tube
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artificial insemination
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the mechanical insertion of viable semen into the vagina
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homologous artificial insemination
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husband's sperm mechanically injected into wife to fertilize her eggs
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heterologous artificial insemination
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donor sperm injected into vagina to fertilize eggs
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surrogate
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a woman, who becomes pregnant, usually by artificial insemination or surgical implantation of fertilized egg and bears a child for another woman
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parens patriae
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legal doctorine that gives the state the authority to act in a child's best interest
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safe haven laws
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state laws that allow a mother to abandon a newborn at a fire station, police station, or hospital without legal prosecution, or reduced prosecution
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mature minors
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individuals in their mid to late teens who, for health care purposes, are considered mature enough to comprehend a physicia'n's recommendations and give informed consent
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emancipated minors
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individuals in their mid to late teens who legally live outside of parental or guardian control
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Uniform Determination of Death Act
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proposal that established uniform guidelines for determining when death has occured
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brain death
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final cessation of bodily activity, used to determine when death actually occurs; circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased, and the entire brain, including the brain stem, has irreversibly ceased to function
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comatose
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condition of deep stupor where tha patient cannot be roused by external stimuli
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persistant vegistative state
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(PVS) irreversible cessation of the higher functions of the brain
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signs of death
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cannot breathe without assistance, no coughing or gagging reflex, no pupil response to light, no blinking reflex when cornea is touched, no grimace reflex when head is retated or ears flushed with cold water, and no response to pain
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terminally ill
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patients who are expected to die within 6 months
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thanatology
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the study of death and the psychological methods of coping with it
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palliative care
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treatment for terminally ill patient's symptoms to make dying more comfortable, also called comfort care
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curative care
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treatment directed toward curing a disease
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hospice
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a facility or program ofter carried out in patient's home where teams of health care practioners and volunteers provide an environment that focuses on the emotional needs of the dying patient
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Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act of 1989
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federal statute that guides state legislatures to address advanced directives
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Patient Self Determination Act of 1990
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Federal law that requires hospitals to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advanced directives
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living will
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an advanced directive that specifies a person's end of life wishes
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durable power of attorney
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advanced directive that confers upon a designee the authority to make a variety of legal decisions on behalf of the grantor, including health decisions
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health care proxy
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durable power of attorney for health care purposes only
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DNR Do not resuscitate order
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order by patient that specifies a patient does not wish to be revived if their heart stops
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organ donor directives
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patient wishes to donate their organs after death and signs donor card or back or driver's license
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active euthanasia
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a conscious act that results in death
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passive euthanasia
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the act of allowing a patient to die naturally, without medical interference
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voluntary euthanasia
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the act of ending a patient's life by medical means with his permission
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involuntary euthanasia
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the act of ending a terminal patient's life by medical means without his permission
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staff privileges
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the right to practice at a particular hospital
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Federal Trade Commission Act
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a federal statute that established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts in advertising and other trade areas
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referral
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the act of recommending to a patient the dianostic or theraputic services of another physician
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conflict of interest
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a situation in which a person is faces with between financial gain and his duty to provide the best possible medical care to their patients
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