Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
258 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where do new leaves develop from?
|
the surface of the apical meristem
|
|
What is the name for a new leaf?
|
leaf primordium
|
|
What is the difference between dicot and monocot leaf primordia?
|
Dicot leaf primordia are peg-like structures. Monocot leaf primordia are collar-like structures.
|
|
What is leaf growth the result of?
|
An increase in cell number followed by cell enlargement.
|
|
What causes leaves to be a particular shape?
|
the differential activity of meristematic regions and sometimes cell death
|
|
What are the upper and lower leaf zones?
|
the distal and proximal ends of a leaf primordium that give rise to specific parts of the mature leaf
|
|
What do the upper and lower leaf zones become in dicots?
|
The lower leaf zone develops into the leaf base, and the upper leaf zone develops into the leaf blade.
|
|
What do the upper and lower leaf zones become in monocots?
|
The whole leaf is derived from the lower leaf zone. The upper leaf zone may contribute to a precursor tip, if present.
|
|
What is heteroblasty?
|
general shape change along a shoot
|
|
Heteroblasty occurs along the ________ or _______ of a plant.
|
Heteroblasty occurs along the seedling axis or any lateral shoot of a plant.
|
|
What is heterophylly?
|
variability of leaf size and shape
|
|
What are two types of heterophylly?
|
dimorphism and anisphylly
|
|
What is leaf dimorphism?
|
two distinct shapes occuring during the life of the same plant
|
|
What is anisophylly?
|
different sized/shaped leaves occuring at the same node with opposite phyllotaxy or along a shoot with alternate phyllotaxy
|
|
What is leaf venation?
|
the pattern of veins (vascular bundles) on a leaf
|
|
What is the typical difference between monocot and dicot leaf venation?
|
Monocots usually have parallel venation, while dicots usually have reticulate venation.
|
|
What is ptyxis?
|
folding of individual leaves due to confinement of the lamina during growth
|
|
What is vernation?
|
folding of leaves together in a bud
|
|
What is a petiole?
|
the stalk that separates the leaf from its point of attachment to the stem
|
|
What is a sessile leaf?
|
a leaf lacking a petiole
|
|
What is a pulvinus?
|
a localized swelling of a petiole or petiolule
|
|
A pulvinus acts as a ______.
|
hinge
|
|
Name a species that exhibits a pulvinus.
|
Mimosa pudica
|
|
An abscission joint is a ______ with an associated ______.
|
An abscission joint is a swelling like a pulvinus with an associated annular groove.
|
|
What is indicated by an abscission joint?
|
the point of weakness where a leaf or leaflet will eventually break off
|
|
What is a leaf sheath?
|
the portion of the leaf at or near the point of insertion on the leaf axis
|
|
A leaf sheath sometimes bears _______.
|
stipules
|
|
The leaf sheath varies from ______ to ______.
|
The leaf sheath varies from barely noticeable enlargements at the base of the petiole to prominent elaborations clasping the stem.
|
|
The leaf sheath may lend protection to _______.
|
the axillary bud
|
|
What is a stipule?
|
an outgrowth at the base of the leaf stalk that may resemble a leaf.
|
|
How do stipules appear in dicots?
|
paired on either side of node
|
|
In the genus _______, stipules are modified into tendrils.
|
Smilax
|
|
In the genus Smilax, stipules are modified into _______.
|
tendrils
|
|
In the genus _______, stipules are modified into hollow spines that are inhabited by ants.
|
Acacia
|
|
In the genus Acacia, stipules are modified into _______.
|
hollow spines that are inhabited by ants.
|
|
In the species _______, stipules are modified into a pair of spines, one straight (for bud defense), the other reflexed (for scrambling).
|
Paliurus spina-christi
|
|
In the species Paliurus spina-christi, stipules are modified into ______.
|
a pair of spines
|
|
In the species Paliurus spina-christi, stipules are modified into a pair of spines, one _____ (for _______), the other _______ (for _______).
|
In the species Paliurus spina-christi, stipules are modified into a pair of spines, one straight (for bud defense), the other reflexed (for scrambling).
|
|
Stipules can also be modified into _____ or ______.
|
extrafloral nectaries or hairs
|
|
What are stipels?
|
small outgrowths at the bases of individual leaflets in a compound leaf that resemble stipules.
|
|
A _______ is the proximal pair of leaflets in compound leaves of some dicots positioned very close to the point of insertion of the leaf at the node.
|
pseudostipule
|
|
What is a bract?
|
a leaf that subtends a flower
|
|
What is a bracteole?
|
a leaf borne on the stalk of an individual flower
|
|
A ______ is a scale leaf that sometimes lacks chlorophyll and performs a protective role surrounding vegetative or floral meristems.
|
cataphyll
|
|
What is the function of a tendril?
|
to prevent the shoot system from falling
|
|
What are the four ways a tendril can occur?
|
- as a modified stipule
- as a modified leaf (entire) - the distal portion of a leaf - as a modified leaflet |
|
What is nutation?
|
movement of a tendril that is not a response to environmental stimuli
|
|
What is circumnutation?
|
movement of a tendril that appears circular or elliptical in top view
|
|
Tendrils twine around a support (before/after) contact.
|
after
|
|
Tendrils exhibit a faster growth rate on the side (closer to/away from) the support.
|
away from
|
|
What are the four types of tendrils?
|
- tendrillar petioles
- watch spring filamentous tendrils - filamentous tendrils - tendril systems |
|
Leaves with tendrillar petioles are limited to (monocots/dicots).
|
dicots
|
|
Name two geni that exhibit tendrillar petioles.
|
Clematis and Tropaeolum
|
|
Watch spring filamentous tendrils exhibit ______ coiling.
|
spontaneous
|
|
Watch spring filamentous tendrils are different from other types of tendrils because ______.
|
the support catches the tendril
|
|
All __________ (type of tendril) are apical portions of foliage leaves.
|
watch spring filamentous tendrils
|
|
Name two genus examples of watch spring filamentous tendrils.
|
Glorioisa and Flagellaria
|
|
Filamentous tendrils become coiled (before/after) contacting support.
|
after.
|
|
In dicots, filamentous tendrils represent ________.
|
pinnae of compound leaves (tendrillar petiolules)
|
|
In monocots, filamentous tendrils represent ______.
|
modified stipules
|
|
Name a genus example of filamentous tendrils.
|
Smilax
|
|
A tendril system is a(n) ________ bearing _________.
|
A tendril system is an unbranched stem bearing simple filamentous leaf tendrils.
|
|
Name two examples of tendril systems.
|
Combretaceae and Cucurbitaceae
|
|
A spine is a(n) _______ that _______.
|
A spine is a modified leaf or part thereof that subtends a bud or a shoot.
|
|
A thorn is a(n) _______ that _______.
|
A thorn is a modified stem that is present in the axil of a leaf or leaf scar.
|
|
A prickle is a(n) ______.
|
epidermal outgrowth
|
|
In a variation of a spine, the ______ may be wholly or partly woody.
|
petiole
|
|
In a variation of a _______, the petiole may be wholly or partly woody.
|
spine
|
|
In the species Robinia pseudo-acacia, the ____ may bear _____.
|
leaves; stipular spines
|
|
In the species ________, the leaves may bear stipular spines.
|
Robinia pseudo-acacia
|
|
In the genus Berberis, the _____ represent _______, and these plants often exhibit ______.
|
spines; whole leaves; leaf dimorphism
|
|
In the genus _______, spines represent whole leaves, and these plants often exhibit leaf dimorphism.
|
Berberis
|
|
In the genus Desmoncus, ______ represent ________.
|
spines; the distal leaflets of compound leaves
|
|
In the genus ______, spines represent the distal leaflets of compound leaves.
|
Desmoncus
|
|
In the genus ______ with common name _____, the leaf sheath is persistent. The petiole and lamina fall off the sheath, and the veins form a fan of spines.
|
Zombia; palm
|
|
In the genus Zombia, or palm, the _____ is persistent. The _____ and ______ fall off, and the ______ form a _______.
|
In the genus Zombia, or palm, the leaf sheath is persistent. The petiole and lamina fall off the sheath, and the veins form a fan of spines.
|
|
Name three types of insectivorous plants.
|
pitfall traps, flypaper traps, sticky leaves
|
|
Bromeliaceae, Nepenthaceae, and Sarraceniaceae are all examples of ______.
|
pitfall traps
|
|
Name three family examples of pitfall traps.
|
Bromeliaceae, Nepenthaceae, and Sarraceniaceae
|
|
Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae are both examples of _______.
|
flypaper traps
|
|
Name two examples of flypaper traps.
|
Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae.
|
|
Geranium viscosissimum is an example of ______.
|
sticky leaves
|
|
Name a species example of sticky leaves.
|
Geranium viscosissimum
|
|
How do sticky leaves trap insects?
|
Sticky leaves curl up and trap insects.
|
|
Which genus has glandular tentacles?
|
Drosera
|
|
Drosera is a type of _______ with ______.
|
flypaper trap; glandular tentacles
|
|
In pitcher traps, ______ leaves form a container.
|
epiascidiate
|
|
What hastens the falling of an insect into a pitcher trap?
|
wax that is formed around the rim of the pitcher
|
|
In what genus of pitcher plant does the rim have an inward opening lid with hairs and bladder-like leaves?
|
Utricularia
|
|
In the pitcher plant Utricularia, what causes the insect to enter the plant?
|
The insect is sucked in due to greater water pressure outside the trap.
|
|
What causes a Venus Fly Trap to snap shut?
|
repeated pressure of hairs on the adaxial surface of the leaf
|
|
What is the genus name for Venus Fly Trap?
|
Dionaea
|
|
What is epiphylly?
|
growth on a leaf
|
|
Is epiphylly uncommon?
|
No.
|
|
What are two types of epiphyllous structures?
|
inflorescences and vegetative buds
|
|
Spathicarpa is an example of ______ in which _______.
|
epiphylly; the leaves bear inflorescences.
|
|
______ is an example of epiphylly in which the leaves bear inflorescences.
|
Spathicarpa
|
|
Kalachoe is an example of _______ in which _______.
|
epiphylly; the leaves bear vegetative buds
|
|
_______ is an example of epiphylly in which the leaves bear vegetative buds.
|
Kalanchoe
|
|
In Kalanchoe, the vegetative buds form _______.
|
plantlets
|
|
In Kalanchoe, the _______ form plantlets.
|
vegetative buds
|
|
In the genus ________, common name ______, the juvenile leaves bear vegetative shoots and the adult leaves bear flowers.
|
Nicotiana; transgenic tobacco
|
|
Why would Darwin stare at plants for hours?
|
to observe tendrils exhibiting circumnutation
|
|
Who categorized tendrils into the four main types?
|
Wilhelm Troll
|
|
Give a genus example of a thorn.
|
Crataegus (Hawthorn)
|
|
What are commonly called thorns on roses are actually ______.
|
prickles
|
|
What is an emergence, or prickle?
|
a sharp, woody structure developing from the epidermis and subepidermal tissue of an organ
|
|
What genus exhibits prickles on the leaf margin?
|
Ilex (American Holly)
|
|
What genus exhibits prickles on the leaf surface?
|
Solanum
|
|
What genus exhibits prickles on the rachis in a compound leaf?
|
Aralia
|
|
What genus exhibits prickles on an inflorescence?
|
Centaurea
|
|
What genus exhibits prickles on a fruit?
|
Aesculus
|
|
Anatomically, food bodies are ______ or _______ secreting _________ that are ________.
|
emergences; trichomes; edible proteinaceous substances; attractive to insects
|
|
Where are Beltian bodies located?
|
at the ends of leaves
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits Beltian bodies.
|
Acacia
|
|
Plants of genus Acacia have ________ bodies.
|
Beltian
|
|
Where are Müllerian bodies located?
|
on swellings at the base of petioles
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits Müllerian bodies.
|
Cecropia
|
|
Where are Beccarian bodies located?.
|
in various locations of the leaves and stipules of the genus Macaranga.
|
|
Name the genus that exhibits Beccarian bodies.
|
Macaranga.
|
|
Plants of genus Cecropia have _________ bodies.
|
Müllerian
|
|
Plants of genus Macaranga have ________ bodies.
|
Beccarian
|
|
Where are Pearl bodies located?
|
on the leaves and stem of Ochroma
|
|
Name the genus that exhibits Pearl bodies.
|
Ochroma
|
|
Plants of genus Ochroma exhibit _____ bodies.
|
Pearl
|
|
Where are food cells located?
|
in domatia in the petiole of Piper
|
|
What are domatia?
|
cavities inhabited by animals and bacteria
|
|
Name the genus that exhibits food cells.
|
Piper
|
|
What are trichomes?
|
hairs borne by many plant parts
|
|
Trichomes are collectively called ______.
|
indumentum
|
|
Trichomes can be _____ or _____.
|
unicellular; multicellular
|
|
Name four types of glands.
|
- salt glands
- hydathodes - extrafloral nectaries - squamules |
|
_____ (type of gland) secrete salt.
|
Salt glands
|
|
______ (type of gland) secrete water.
|
Hydathodes
|
|
______ (type of gland) secrete sugar.
|
Extrafloral nectarines
|
|
What are squamules?
|
glandular trichomes
|
|
______ are glandular trichomes.
|
Squamules
|
|
What are the functions of succulents?
|
to store water and to reduce the evaporating surface
|
|
Besides being succulent, what features of succulent plants aid their survival in xeromorphic environments?
|
shallow root systems that absorb water quickly from infrequent rains
|
|
Anatomically, where is water stored in succulents?
|
in large vacuoles of parenchyma cells
|
|
Where do stem succulents typically store their water?
|
water storing parenchyma in the primary ground tissue of the enlarged stem cortex
|
|
Name three examples of stem succulents.
|
Cactaceae, Euphorbia, and Stapelia (milkweed)
|
|
What is the common name for Euphorbia?
|
tree euphorbs
|
|
Where in the world is milkweed found?
|
Africa
|
|
What are some defining morphological features of stem succulents?
|
enlarged stems, tiny leaves that abscise shortly after they are produced
|
|
What is the ecological importance of succulents in dry conditions?
|
Succulents are one of the few water sources for animals in arid environments.
|
|
What about succulents helps reduce the evaporation rate?
|
The reduced surface-to-volume ratio, thick cuticle, few stomata
|
|
What are the protective features of stem succulents?
|
Cacti and euphorbs have spines. Milkweed has noxious latex.
|
|
Morphologically, what are euphorbs’ spines like?
|
Euphorb spines are homologous to stipules: they are paired on either side of the leaf scar and they subtend branch buds.
|
|
Morphologically, what are cacti’s spines like?
|
Cactus spines occur in clusters called aereoles.
|
|
Aereoles are ________ that are in the same position as _______. They develop from _______.
|
clusters of cactus spines; lateral buds; primordial produced on the flanks of an apical meristem
|
|
Cactus spines are homologous to _______ borne on ______ that _____.
|
entire leaves; lateral branches; do not elongate
|
|
What is the function of spines in cacti and euphorbs?
|
to deter predators
|
|
Succulents provide an excellent example of ______.
|
parallel evolution
|
|
Where do leaf succulents store their water?
|
in mesophyll cells of their leaves
|
|
Century plant (Agave) and Aloe are ______ that exhibit_____.
|
Leaf succulents; rosette of spine-tipped leaves
|
|
_______ and _______ are leaf succulents that exhibit a rosette of spine-tipped leaves.
|
Century plant (Agave); Aloe
|
|
Name three leaf succulents that grow on dark cliffs and have fleshy, balloon-like water-storing leaves.
|
composites (members of the sunflower family), ice plants (Mesenbryanthemum), and stonecrops (Sedum)
|
|
Many composites (members of the sunflower family), ice plants (Mesenbryanthemum), and stonecrops (Sedum) grow on _____ and have ____.
|
dark cliffs; fleshy balloon-like water-storing leaves
|
|
Stone plants (Lithops) grow in ______ among _____. They are an example of ______.
|
Southern Africa; stones and gravel; leaf succulents
|
|
______ grow in stones and gravel; the flat surfaces of the leaves which extend from a subterranean shoot system are indistinguishable from the surrounding rocks.
|
Stone plants (Lithops)
|
|
______ and ______ are examples of genera with window leaves.
|
Lithops; Haworthia
|
|
A window leaf is a ________ with light coming through the ______ to illuminate the ______.
|
Subterranean greenhouse; apical, surface “window”; green tissue at the periphery of the water-storing mesophyll
|
|
A _______ is a dorsiventrally flattened leaf that has an adaxial and abaxial surface.
|
bifacial leaf
|
|
Bifacial leaves often exhibit ______ symmetry.
|
bilateral
|
|
What is a bifacial leaf?
|
a dorsiventrally flattened leaf that has an adaxial and abaxial surface
|
|
What is a unifacial leaf?
|
a leaf in which lateral growth has been suppressed, resulting in a more or less cylindrical leaf
|
|
A _______ is a leaf in which lateral growth has been suppressed, resulting in a more or less cylindrical leaf.
|
unifacial leaf
|
|
A ______ is a unifacial leaf that remains centric or cylindrical.
|
terete leaf
|
|
A ____ or _____ leaf is a unifacial leaf that undergoes subsequent bilateral flattening.
|
ensiform; isobilateral
|
|
A ______ leaf has a circular lamina, and the petiole is attached near the center.
|
peltate
|
|
What is a peltate leaf?
|
a leaf with a circular lamina whose petiole is attached near the center
|
|
Give an example of a species with peltate leaves.
|
Podophyllum peltatum
|
|
What is an ascidiate leaf?
|
a leaf that is funnel shaped, forming a container
|
|
A(n) ______ leaf is funnel-shaped, forming a container.
|
Ascidiate
|
|
What is phyllotaxy?
|
the arrangement of leaves on a stem
|
|
_____ is the arrangement of leaves on a stem.
|
Phyllotaxy
|
|
What is the genetic spiral?
|
the spiral that follows leaves in the order of formation
|
|
______ is the spiral that follows leaves in the order of formation
|
Genetic spiral
|
|
What is the angle of divergence?
|
The angle between any two successively formed leaves on a stem.
|
|
The ________ is the angle between any two successively formed leaves on a stem.
|
angle of divergence
|
|
How is the angle of divergence expressed?
|
as a fraction
|
|
What type of phyllotaxy exhibits one leaf per node?
|
alternate phyllotaxy
|
|
What is the name of the type of phyllotaxy in which the leaves are arranged in two straight rows, usually with 180⁰ between the rows?
|
distichous / orthodistichous
|
|
What are the names of “rows” seen in different phyllotactic arrangements?
|
ranks or orthostiches
|
|
What is distichous or orthodistichous phyllotaxy?
|
a type of phyllotaxy in which the leaves are arranged in two straight rows, usually with 180⁰ between the rows
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits distichous phyllotaxy.
|
Ulmus
|
|
The genus Ulmus exhibits _____ phyllotaxy.
|
Distichous
|
|
What is the name of the type of phyllotaxy in which the divergence angle is anywhere between 137.5⁰ and 180⁰?
|
spirodistichous
|
|
What is spirodistichous phyllotaxy?
|
A type of phyllotaxy in which the divergence angle is anywhere between 137.5⁰ and 180⁰
|
|
How many ranks are present in spirodistichous phyllotaxy?
|
Two
|
|
What general shape does spirodistichous phyllotaxy resemble?
|
Helix
|
|
What is the “golden angle”?
|
137.5⁰
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits spirodistichous phyllotaxy.
|
Cyclanthus
|
|
The genus Cyclanthus exhibits ______ phyllotaxy.
|
Spirodistichous
|
|
What is the name of the type of phyllotaxy in which the divergence angle between successive leaves is very low?
|
spiromonostichous or costoid
|
|
What is costoid phyllotaxy?
|
Also known as spiromonostichous, it is a type of phyllotaxy in which the divergence angle between successive leaves is very low
|
|
Name a family in which one would find spiromonostichous phyllotaxy.
|
Costaceae
|
|
Some genera of the family Costaceae exhibit _____ phyllotaxy
|
spiromonostichous or costoid
|
|
What is the name of the type of phyllotaxy in which there are more than two vertical ranks that are apparent?
|
polystichous or helical
|
|
What is helical phyllotaxy?
|
Also known as polystichous, it is a type of phyllotaxy in which there are more than two vertical ranks that are apparent
|
|
What does the denominator represent in the fraction that expresses the genetic spiral?
|
the number of orthostiches and the number of leaves you would pass if you went around the stem once
|
|
What is the name of the type of phyllotaxy in which there are three spirals of leaves rather than three obvious orthostiches?
|
spirotristichous
|
|
What is spirotristichous phyllotaxy?
|
the type of phyllotaxy in which there are three spirals of leaves rather than three obvious orthostiches
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits spirotristichous phyllotaxy.
|
Pandanus
|
|
The genus Pandanus exhibits _____ phyllotaxy.
|
Spirotristichous
|
|
What is the type of phyllotaxy in which there are two leaves at each node 180⁰ apart?
|
Opposite
|
|
What is opposite phyllotaxy?
|
the type of phyllotaxy in which there are two leaves at each node 180⁰ apart
|
|
How many orthostiches are observed in opposite phyllotaxy?
|
two
|
|
What is the type of phyllotaxy in which two successive pairs of leaves are perpendicular to one another?
|
decussate
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits decussate phyllotaxy.
|
Coleus
|
|
The genus Coleus exhibits ____ phyllotaxy.
|
decussate
|
|
What is decussate phyllotaxy?
|
the type of phyllotaxy in which two successive pairs of leaves are perpendicular to one another
|
|
What is the type of phyllotaxy in which each leaf is separated from the next pair by an angle of about 68.75⁰?
|
bijugate
|
|
What is bijugate phyllotaxy?
|
the type of phyllotaxy in which each leaf is separated from the next pair by an angle of about 68.75⁰
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits bijugate phyllotaxy.
|
Eucalyptus
|
|
The juvenile leaves of the genus Eucalyptus exhibits ____ phyllotaxy.
|
bijugate
|
|
What is the type of phyllotaxy in which there are three or more leaves at a node?
|
whorled
|
|
What is whorled phyllotaxy?
|
the type of phyllotaxy in which there are three or more leaves at a node
|
|
Name a genus that exhibits whorled phyllotaxy.
|
Nerium
|
|
The genus Nerium exhibits _____ phyllotaxy.
|
whorled
|
|
What is the name of the type of phyllotaxy in which the leaves in one whorl are slightly off from the leaves of the next whorl?
|
multijugate
|
|
What is multijugate phyllotaxy?
|
the type of phyllotaxy in which the leaves in one whorl are slightly off from the leaves of the next whorl
|
|
What is a contact parastichy?
|
a spiral that is obvious to the eye
|
|
A _______ is a spiral that is obvious to the eye.
|
contact parastichy
|
|
What is a contact parastichy pair?
|
Two families winding in opposite directions
|
|
How is a parastichy pair represented?
|
(m,n) where m is the number of families running in one direction and n is the number of families running in the opposite direction
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
ciliate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
crenate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
crenulate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
dentate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
entire
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
incised
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
lobed
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
palmately lobed
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
pinnately lobed
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
pinnatisect
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
serrate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
serrulate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
sinuate
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
spinose
|
|
What type of leaf margin is this?
|
undulate
|
|
What shape of leaf is this?
|
peltate
|
|
What shape of leaf is this?
|
ensiform
|
|
What type of compound leaf is this?
|
bipinnate
|
|
What type of compound leaf is this?
|
imperipinnate
|
|
What type of compound leaf is this?
|
palmate
|
|
What type of compound leaf is this?
|
paripinnate
|
|
What type of compound leaf is this?
|
trifoliolate
|
|
What type of compound leaf is this?
|
unifoliolate
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
amplexicaul
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
decurrent
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
ligulate
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
perfoliate
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
petiolate
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
sessile
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
sheathing
|
|
What type of leaf attachment is this?
|
stipulate
|