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77 Cards in this Set
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Viruses |
•Infectious Agent •Replicate inside other cells •Infect Prokaryotes & eukaryotes •Genetic Material: single stranded or double stranded DNA or RNA |
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Virions |
Viruses that exist outside of cells, in the form of independent particles |
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Morphology |
•Helical •Icosahedral- Twenty face structure •Prolate- Elongated icosahedral |
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Genetic Material |
•DNA or RNA •Single Or double stranded •Linear Or circular •Positive Sense or Negative sense |
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Viral Envelope |
•Composed portions of the host membrane •Contain host proteins •Allow viruses to evade host defenses •Identify & bind to receptors on host cells |
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Viral Envelope is bilayer? |
Phospholipid Bilayer |
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Viral envelope is susceptible to? |
Heat, desiccation, chemicals |
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Viral enveloped viruses are less able to? |
Survive harsh environments |
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Viral Reproduction: Lytic cycle |
•Viral genome exist separate from the host genome • Replication of viral particles cause destruction of the host |
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Viral Reproduction: Lysogenic cycle |
• Viral genome is integrated into host genome • Replicated along w/host replication |
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Viral Reproduction: Attachment |
Specific proteins on viral capsid/envelope recognizes receptors on the surface of host cells |
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Viral Reproduction: Penetration |
Viral entry through endocytosis or membrane fusion |
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Viral Reproduction: Uncoating |
Viral capsid degraded through viral or host enzymes |
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Viral Reproduction: Replication |
Viral genome & proteins |
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Viral Reproduction: Assembly |
Virus proteins & genome self assemble into viral particles |
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Viral Reproduction: Releases |
Lysis or budding |
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ViralClassification: dsDNA |
Double Stranded DNA |
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ViralClassification: ssDNA |
Single Stranded DNA |
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Viral Classification: dsRNA |
Double Stranded RNA |
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Viral Classification: (+)ssRNA |
Positive sense single stranded RNA |
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Viral Classification: (-)ssRNA |
Negative sense single stranded RNA |
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Viral Classification: ssRNA-RT |
Single stranded RNA - Reverse Transcription |
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Viral Classification: dsDNA-RT |
Double stranded DNA - Reverse Transcription |
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dsDNA and ssDNA uses? |
DNA dependent DNA polymerase to replicate the genetic material |
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ssDNA would often require the formation of? |
complementary strand before replication can occur |
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dsDNA - Herpesviridae -(enveloped icosahedral) |
• fever blisters (HSV-1) •chickenpox (varicella-zoster) • mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus) • Develop latent state • subfamily alpha cytopathic effect on cells become multinucleated giant syncytial cells w/intranuclear inclusion bodies |
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dsDNA - Adenoviridae - (naked icosahedral) |
•Infection: in rhinitis, conjunctivitis, sore throat & cough. Viral respiratory illness in children: RSV; Parainfluenza; Rhinovirus; Adenoviridae |
•ADEN cause upper respiratory tract infections •Visualize A DEN full of coughing, sneezing children |
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dsDNA - Papillomaviridae - (naked icosahedral) |
• warty growths on rabbits • icosahedral capsids appear knobby spheres • cervical & penis cancerous |
Think of PAPilloma virus & the PAP smear, used to detect early dysplastic cellular changes |
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dsDNA - Poxviridae - (envelope icosahedral) |
•Center a large complex DNA genome coding for 100 of proteins. • DNA organized into dumbbell shaped w/structural proteins, surround by 2 envelopes • Virus carries own enzymes & replicates in cytoplasm |
Brick-shaped box, POX in a box Use to cause smallpox eradicated 1977! |
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ssDNA - Parvoviridae - (naked icosahedral) |
• Childhood disease "erythema infectiosum" (5th disease) • characterized by fever & "slapped face" rash on cheeks |
• PAR is the smallest icosahedral virus & ssDNA • Simple as a Par-ONE golf course! |
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Parvoviridae - (naked icosahedral) |
O for circular dsDNA (naked icosahedral capsid) O for round cervix |
With these viruses think of O |
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Parvoviridae - (naked icosahedral) |
PA: PApilloma virus cause human warts & cervical cancer PO: POlyomavirus 2 members: human BK & JC virus VA: Simian VAcuolating doesn't infect humans |
3 members of the PA-PO-VA VIRIDAE: |
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dsRNA uses RNA dependent RNA polymerase to? |
Create mRNA transcripts |
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dsRNA - mRNA transcripts can be translated into? |
Proteins |
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3 of the DNA viruses have envelopes? |
Herpes Hepadna Pox |
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3 are naked: A woman must be naked for the PAP smear exam? |
PApova Adeno PArvo |
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dsRNA is what type of virus? |
Rotavirus |
Respiratory Enteric Orphan - leading causes acute infectious diarrhea & major infant mortaliy worldwide |
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(+)ssRNA can act directly as? |
mRNA |
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(+)ssRNA translate into? |
proteins |
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(+)ssRNA must create complementary (negative sense) copy of RNA & use? |
Negative sense copy to replicate the (+)ssRNA |
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(+)ssRNA: Coronaviridae (Coronavirus) |
• common cold • envelope • single stranded • breakout of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) |
Rhino with common cold, drinking a Corona beer |
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(+)ssRNA:Picornaviridae (Poliovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A) |
ENTERO = GI, fecal-oral transmission • Poliovirus • Rhinovirus • Hepatitis A |
•Infect intestinal epithelial & lymphoid (tonsils, Peyer's patches cells) • Excreted in feces & spread by fecal-oral route |
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(+)ssRNA: Caliciviridae (Norwalk) |
• Caliciviridae - infects young children & infants. Gastroenteritis is indistinguishable diarrhea, vomiting & fever • Norwalk - adults, Norwalk, Ohio, elementary school. 50% students developed diarrhea & vomiting |
DIARRHEA = DEATH BY DEHYDRATION |
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(+)ssRNA: Flaviviridae (West Nile virus, Hepatitis C, Dengue) |
•Flaviviridae - cause encephalitis based on location. Spread: mosquito vector, infect human & birds • West Nile • Hepatitis C |
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(+)ssRNA: Flaviviridae: West Nile Virus |
•Human disease in N.America; meningitis & encephalitis. •Found in Africa, Europe, Middle East & Asia. •Spread by bird or mosquito traveling on airplane migrating birds. |
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(+)ssRNA: Flaviviridae:Hepatitis C |
Chronic hepatitis in U.S. Leading indication for liver transplantation |
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(+)ssRNA: Flaviviridae:Dengue |
• mosquito-borne febrile disease in tropics, SW, U.S., Mexico. • Nonsegmented RNA • Icosahedral symmetry • Replicates in cytoplasm • Enveloped |
Painful illness - break bone cause backache, muscle & joint pain, fever & headache |
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(+)ssRNA: Picornaviridae: Poliovirus |
• Peyer's patches of intestine • Motor neurons. • Disease: paralytic poliomyelitis • Fecal oral mode of transmission |
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(+)ssRNA: Picornaviridae: Rhinovirus |
Common cold |
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(+)ssRNA: Picornaviridae: Hepatitis A |
naked icosahedral HAV = Anus |
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(-)ssRNA required RNA dependent RNA polymerase to create? |
A complementary copy (positive sense ssRNA) |
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(-)ssRNA complementary copy can be used for? |
Translation or create copies of (-)ssRNA |
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(-)ssRNA: Filoviridae (Ebola, Marburg) |
•Viruses cause hemorrhagic fever & potential bioweapons • Humans & monkeys are infected during outbreaks. Replicated in the cytoplasm • Nonsegmented • Helical symmetry • Enveloped |
FILO = filament in latin & describes the filamentous shape of the RNA viruses |
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(-)ssRNA: Paramyxoviridae (Measles, Mumps) |
Replicate in the upper respiratory tract & produce influenza-like illness, but they produce a PARAde of distinctly different diseases |
Parainfluenza virus, mumps, measeles & respiratory syncytical virus |
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(-)ssRNA: Rhabdoviridae (Rabies) |
Arboviruses transmitted: blood-sucking arthropods & cause fever & encephalitis |
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(-)ssRNA: Bunyaviridae (Hantavirus) |
Arboviruses transmitted: blood-sucking arthropods & cause fever & encephalitis |
Paul Bunyan, wear a toga, rich flavor that attracts mosquito & other arthropods. He is about to chop down a tree (ARBOL). Imagine Paul Bunyan has quite a headache (encephalitis) w/ blood-sucker clinging to his toga! |
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(-)ssRNA: Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza) |
Influenza viruses cause the ORdinary |
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What type of viruses are ssRNA-RT ? |
Retro viruses are enveloped viruses |
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ssRNA-RT - DNA is transcribed from RNA in a process? |
Reverse transcription |
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ssRNA-RT uses reverse transcriptase for? |
RNA dependent DNA polymerase |
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ssRNA-RT has a virus of? |
HIV |
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ssRNA-RT transcribed DNA integrate into? |
Host genome & is transcribed into ssRNA by the host |
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What is dsDNA-RT? |
•Transcription Into an RNA intermediate •RNA intermediate is reverse transcribed into DNA |
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Prions does not contain? |
Nucleic acids |
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Prions is an infectious particle? |
Proteinaceous |
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Prions affect? |
Neutral tissues |
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Inappropriate folding of the Prions proteins causes? |
Amyloid aggregates |
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Prions can induce? |
Misfolding of normal proteins |
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Oncovirus can cause? |
Cancer |
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Oncovirus can deactivate? |
Tumor suppressor genes |
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Oncovirus: Human papilloma virus (HPV) |
• Sexually transmitted • No treatment |
Causes cancer |
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Oncovirus: Herpes virus |
• Latent state • Held at bay by cell-mediated immune response |
Examples: • Fever blisters (HPV-1) • Chickenpox (varicella zoster) • Mononucleosis (EPV) |
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Oncovirus: Epstein-Barr virus |
• double stranded linear DNA • Enveloped • Icosahedral symmetry • Transmission: intimate contact from asymptomatic shedders of EBV • Infects human B cells & transforms cells proliferate & pass copies of EBV DNA to their progeny |
•Causes mononucleosis •Burkitt's lymphoma & nasopharyngeal cancer |
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Oncovirus: Cytomegalovirus |
•double stranded linear DNA •Enveloped •Icosahedral symmetry •Present in: milk, saliva, urine & tears •Transmission: prolonged exposure, child w/in household, daycare centers |
CMV is so-named caused infected cells become swollen (cytomegaly) |
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(-)ssRNA: Paramyxoviridae - Measles (rubeola) |
•Negative (-) single-stranded RNA • Unsegmented • Lipid containing envelope •Helical symmetry • Virulence: Glycoproteins w/combined HA & NA. activity. F-protein |
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(-)ssRNA: Paramyxoviridae - Mumps |
• Negative (-) single-stranded RNA • Unsegmented • Lipid containing envelope • Helical symmetry • Replicates in the cytoplasm • Virulence: HA, no NA. F-protein |
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Viruses & virions consist of what? |
•Genetic material •Capsid (protein coat) •Viral Envelope (lipid surrounds the capsid) |
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