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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Cell mass is a combination of what two factors? |
Cell size + Cell number (which is a balance between cell division & cell death) |
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2. What is the difference between necrosis and programmed cell death? |
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3. What are the key functions of the ECM? |
Mechanical support & defense |
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4. Most organisms use a combination of carbohydrates and proteins to build their ECM and may use inorganic molecules to harden their ECM. How do vertebrates differ from arthropods? How do plants differ from prokaryotes? |
Vertebrate ECM: two main types of macromolecules – Fibrous proteins & GAG polysaccharides and proteoglycans (& Ca2+ Apetite – bone) |
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5. What are biofilms? And what is the ECM of biofilms called and composed of? How is the composition of biofilm ECM different from the ECM of a single bacterium? |
Biofilm: slimy films of bacteria that adhere to surfaces -> adherent, differentiated & cooperative cells |
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6. What are the main purposes of cell-cell communication for single-celled and multi-cellular organisms? |
Purpose: to detect & respond to a signal in the environment |
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7. What is quorum sensing? |
Quorum sensing is done by bacterial colonies in biofilms |
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8. Describe a generalized signal transduction pathway. |
Signaling molecule binds to cell-surface receptor protein |
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9. Describe the five different types of cell-cell signaling. |
1. Contact-dependent (juxacrine): cell signaling to directly neighboring cell |
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10. If every cell in an organism contains the same DNA, why aren’t all cells the same? (i.e., How can they have such different qualities and perform different functions if they all contain the same DNA?) |
Cells are not all the same because they are of different cell types, as they are specialized for different functions |
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11. Describe the anatomical organization of multicellular organisms. How is it organized and what is it based on? |
Anatomical organization is dependent upon specialized cell functions |
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12. What is the difference between epithelial and mesenchymal cells? |
Epithelial: cells connected in a sheet or tube; forms the inner & outer linings of organs |
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13. What is the difference between parenchymal and stromal cells? |
Parenchymal: distinguishing cells of a gland or organ |
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14. What is the difference between stem cells and differentiated cells? |
Stem cells: undifferentiated, unspecialized cells with the ability to self-renew and form specialized cells |
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15. If a cell was removed from its tissue, could it still function in the same manner? Explain. |
Probably not. Cells need signaling from the organism to regulate its metabolism, gene expression, etc. |