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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
amelioration
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word gets positive connotation over time
nice (used to mean ignorant, absurd) |
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pejoration
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word gets more negative connotation over time
silly (used to mean blessed) |
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analogical extension
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already existing alternation of some pattern extends to new forms which did not formerly undergo the alternation
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analogical leveling
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reduces the number of allomorphs a form has
makes paradigms more uniform |
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umlaut
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anticipatory assimilation
back vowel fronted front vowel raised |
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apocope
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loss of word-final segments
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assimilation
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one sound causes another to be more similar to it
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back formation
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boundary reanalysis
unexpected directionality to fill a gap cherise was taken to mean English pl cherries, so cherry was formed |
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compensatory lengthening
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C1VC2, C2->0, V gets lengthened
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unconditioned change
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sound undergoes a change everywhere it appears in a language
no condition on its placement in order to get the change |
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dissimilation
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sound becomes less like nearby sound
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Grassmann's law
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Sanskrit dissimilation
1st breathy C in a word becomes unaspirated |
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epenthesis
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segment gets inserted in word, esp word-medially
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anaptyxis
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epenthesis of a vowel
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excresence
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epenthesis of a consonant
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word-final devoicing
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stops and frics and ends of words tend to devoice
Dt. Auslautverhaertung |
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fission
(unpacking) |
opposite of fusion
from original sound, two sounds may develop Dt borrowing of Fr "ballon" (ballong) |
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fusion
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two original sounds may turn into one sound with some features of both
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Grimm's Law
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Germanic
p>f b>p bh>b |
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haplology
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syllable lost when next to very similar-sounding syllable
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hypercorrection
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change associated with high social standing used incorrectly in an attempt to affect that standing
He gave it to you and I. Up with it I will not put! |
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metaphor
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semantic change based on similarity between the original concept named by a word and the target concept named by this word
insult used literally to mean "jump on" saddle for saddle of mountain |
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palatalization
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assimilatory change based on palatal place of articulation spreading
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phonemic merger
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two different phonemes become one phoneme
one of the phonemes can be the same before and after the change r>r s>r now r doesn't exist: ethe > r s>r |
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phonemic shift
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one phoneme becomes a different phoneme
s>r |
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reinforcement
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inflected word of a particular category gets another instance of a semantically similar morpheme added on
child (sg) childer (pl) > child+er+en (plpl) |
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rhotacism
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lenition of [s] or [z] to r / V_V
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syncope
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loss of segment(s) word-medially
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vowel harmony
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long-distance vowel-specific assimilatory process
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