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220 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the study of the relation between an individual genetic make up and their individual response to a drug?
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Pharmacogenomics
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What is the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease?
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Medical Pharmacology
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What is the study of undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems?
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Toxicology
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What is the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes?
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Pharmacology
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What are drugs that are synthesized outside of the body called?
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Xenobiotics
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What are drugs synthesized by the body called?
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Hormones
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What are drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects called?
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Poisons
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What are drugs synthesized by plants or animals that have almost exclusively harmful effects called?
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Toxins
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The action of the body on the drug is called?
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PharmacoKinetics
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The action of the drug on the body is called?
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PharmacoDynamics
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Any pharmacologic antagonists that binds to a site on the receptor other than the agonist binding site is called?
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Noncompetitive Antagonist
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Any pharmacologic antagonist that bind to the agonist receptor site, preventing the binding of agonist is called?
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Competitive Antagonist
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Any drug that binds directly to an agonist and deactivates the agonist is called?
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Chemical Antagonist
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Any drug that opposes the effect of an agonist through separate physiologic pathways is called?
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Physiologic Antagonist
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Any drug that activates the receptor is called?
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Agonist
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Drug that is inactive until metabolized by the body into an active form is called?
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Prodrug
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The pH at which the protonated and unprotonated forms of a chemical drug are balanced is called?
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pKa
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What is pH a measurement of?
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Concentration of H ion
Acidity Alkalinity |
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What is physiologic pH?
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pH of about 7.35
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When the same effect can be achieved with a lower dose or concentration, that drug has more..?
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Potency
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A drug which has a lesser effect than another drug has less...?
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Efficacy
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The amount of time it takes to eliminate half of any drug from the body is called?
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T1/2
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Drugs that are bound to plasma proteins are not able to activate receptors until they are free. T or F?
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True
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Stopping or starting a drug that binds to a plasma protein changes the levels of other protein bound drugs. T or F?
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True
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What is the purpose of biotransformation?
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Detoxify endogenous and exogenous substances
Transform nutrients Make lipophilic substances water soluble Improve renal elimination of drugs and toxins |
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What are the important enzyme families in biotransformation?
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CYP Enzymes
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes |
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What do drugs that induce biotransformation enzymes do?
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Increase the activity of biotransformation enzymes
Cause the drug to be increasingly metabolized Increase the breakdown of other hypatically metabolized drugs |
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What do drugs that inhibit biotransformation enzymes do?
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Decrease the activity of biotransformation enzymes
Cause the drug to be decreasingly metabolized Decrease the breakdown of other hepatically metabolized drugs |
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What contributes to differences in drug metabolism?
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Individual differences
Genetic differences Diet Environmental factors |
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What contributes to the differences in drug metabolism?
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Age
Gender Drug interactions Disease process |
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T or F? Botanical medicinals are not drugs or chemicals because they are all natural.
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False
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T or F? Over the counter medications are not drugs or chemicals because they are available without prescription.
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False
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T or F? A teratogen is any drug or chemical that causes a characteristic malformation of the fetus.
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True
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T or F? Pregnancy category A drugs are considered safe in pregnancy.
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True
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T or F? Pregnancy category C drugs are generally avoided in pregnancy because we are not sure of the safety of these drugs for the fetus.
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True
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T or F? Pregnancy category D drugs are to be avoided in women because there is evidence that the drugs are unsafe for the fetus.
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True
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T or F? Pregnancy category X drugs are known teratogens and contraindicated in pregnant women and women or reproductive age.
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True
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What are the pregnancy risk categories?
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A, B, C, D, and X
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T or F? The field of geriatrics applies to people over 75 years old although this is an arbitrary definition.
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True
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Compared with young adults the elderly have...?
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Reduced lean body mass
Reduced body water Increased fat as a percentage of body mass Decreased serum albumin levels |
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T or F? Many drug dosages must be adjusted due to declining renal function in the elderly.
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True
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T or F? Creatinine clearance is an approximation of renal function and a common calculation used in pharmacology.
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True
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T or F? Morphine, digitalis and atropine are based on traditional botanical medicines.
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True
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What does the LD 50 of a drug tell us?
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The does of the drug that would cause death in half of the people who took that dose
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(2) What drug is used post-surgicaly to restore tone to the bladder?
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Bethanecol
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What is true about Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
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Antiarrhythmic
Positive Intrope Negative Chronotrope Slows AV conduction |
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Mr. E is suspected to have a pheochromocytoma, which is an adenoma of the adrenal medulla that secretes excess adrenaline. What symptoms would you expect to see?
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Headache
Tachycardia (fast HR) High BP |
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Acetylocholine is synthesized using what?
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AcetylCoEnzyme A
Choline |
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What enzymes are responsible for catecholamine breakdown?
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Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) |
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What do we use to reverse the effects of Warfarin (Coumadin)?
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Vitamin K
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Adenyly cyclase forms cylic AMP from ATP. T or F?
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True
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Phophodiesterase breaks down cyclic AMP, T or F?
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True
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Caffiene results in increased cyclic AMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, T or F?
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True
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Mr. J develops sore muscles a few weeks after starting his atorvastatin, he is instructed to stop the medication until the soreness resolves. What is Mr. J being treated for?
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Hypertriglyceridemia/lipidemia
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What is the class of receptor used by the adrenegic neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic junction?
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Alpha
Beta |
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Mrs. P has had a myocardial infarction and is receiving tPA because..?
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tPA is a thrombolytic (cloth busting) drug
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Which HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is safe to use in hyperlipidemia of pregnancy?
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NONE! Statins are category X drugs and absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy
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What describes a positive intrope?
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A drug which makes the heart beat stronger
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What is true about Niacin?
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Naturally occuring vitamin used to lower cholesterol
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Verapamil is..?
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Calcium channel blocker
Class 4 Antiarrhythmic |
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Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) is a medication that is used as a decongestant, and as a "pressor" meaning it raises blood pressure, what class is (Neosynephrine)?
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Adrenergic Alpha Agonist
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T or F? A second messenger activation allows instant voltage changes to occur across the membrane.
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True
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Peripheral adrenergic alpha agonists are...?
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Sympathomimetic
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Mr. L takes atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol and losartan. Which is most likely to make asthma worse?
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The beta blocker (propranolol)
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After giving adenosine (Adenocard) for PSVT, the heart stops beating. What is the next step?
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None of the above
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Cardioselective beta adrenergic antagonists do not cause brochospasm, T or F?
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False
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What is the chemical antagonist of heparin?
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Protamine
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Atropine is used to treat?
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Organophosphate poisoning
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Weakness that is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction is a disease process know as?
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Vasopressin is/does..?
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Decreases urination Treats ventricular fibrillation |
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What is an example of an anticholinergic drug?
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Atropine
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Mr. V is suffering from thyroid storm, due to excessive thyroid hormone levels, resulting in severe tachycardia. Which drug would be the best choice to slow the heart rate?
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Metoprolol
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What receptor type is used in the neuromuscular junction?
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Nicotinic
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Mr. H gets a 'flushing' sensation which he describes as a hot feeling and turns red whenever he takes one of these medications. Which of these is most likely causing this symptom?
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the Niacin
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What is true about Lidocaine?
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Class 1 Antiarrhythmic
Sodium Channel blocker Local anesthetic |
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What can lower cholesterol?
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HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Fibrates Bile Acid Sequestrants Oatmeal |
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At what rate do we do chest compressions?
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100 compressions per minute
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What neurotransmitter is used by the sympathetic nervous system at the peripheral organ junction?
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Norepinephrine
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Mr. N takes terazosin, a peripheral alpha antagonist for difficulty urination due to benign prostatic hypertrophy BPH; what is true?
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Terazosin will lower blood pressure and can cause orthostatic hypotension
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What enzymes are responsible for acetylcholine breakdown?
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Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)
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Mr. E is instructed to collect his urine for 24 hours for a test called a “24 hour catecholamine” test. In addition to the catecholamines, what catecholamine breakdown or degradation products (metabolites) will we be looking for?
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3-Methoxy-Hyroxymandelic Acid (VMA)
Homovanillic Acid (HVA) |
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Cholinomimetic drugs are used as bronchodilators to treat asthmatics, T or F?
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False
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When spironolactone (Aldactone) is used with an ACE inhibitor, this can often cause..?
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Severe HyperKalemia
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When congestive heart failure CHF is described as slight limitation of physical activity, comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. What class is it?
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NYHA class 2
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Mr. Q has been treated for acute malignant hypertension, and doctors are now checking for cyanide toxicity because..?
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Nitroprusside IV in large doses can cause cyanide toxicity
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Which ACE inhibitor is safe to use in pregnancy?
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No ACE inhibitor is safe to use during pregnancy
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What do Peripheral Adrenergic Alpha Antagonists do?
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Cause Vasodilation
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Epinephrine is synthesized using what?
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Tyrosine
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When HCTZ is used with an ACE inhibitor, it can cause dammage to?
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None, HCTZ is commonly used with ACE
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Mrs. J has been placed on digoxin and lasix for her congestive heart failure. Which electrolyte supplement would be most important to prevent lethal arrhythmia?
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Potassium supplements
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What diuretic is considered potassium sparing?
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Spironolactone (Aldactone)
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Furosemide is a...
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Loop diuretic
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Clopidogrel is
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None, antiplatelet
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Because Mrs. G is on warfarin (Coumadin), she must get regular lab work to check what?
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PT/INR
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Mrs. B comes to the office for follow up on her blood pressure, she has been taking captopril for a few years and her blood pressure has been well controlled, she is completely healthy otherwise and tolerates frequent vigorous exercise without problem. She tells the nurse that she is now pregnant. Her blood pressure is 128/82.
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None
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You are the paramedic who first arrives at the scene of a witnessed cardiac arrest. Bystanders began immediate CPR on Mr. C. After you apply the monitor leads, you determine that the rhythm is ventricular fibrillation. You know that:
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None
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Mrs. Z uses diltiazem to control her irregular heart beat. Diltiazem, like all class 4 antiarrhythmics, is a __________ channel blocker.
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Calcium
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What class describes moderate heart failure?
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NYHA Class 3
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Lidocaine, like all Class 1 antiarrhythmics, is a __________ channel blocker.
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Sodium
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What is lovastatin?
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an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
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Name two drugs that can cause a cough?
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Cardioselective beta adrenergic antagonists
ACE inhibitors |
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Mr. K is admitted to the hospital for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and is placed on an anticoagulant IV. Which IV medication would he be getting?
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Heparin
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Mr. C carries his nitroglycerine sublingual to use whenever he has what?
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Angia or Chest Pain
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HMG-CoA reductase is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of what?
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Cholesterol
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Periphreal Adrenergic Agonists are what?
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Sympathomimetic
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Mrs. D has been placed on furosemide (Lasix). The most likely electrolyte change we should expect is what?
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HypoKalemia (low potassium)
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Mrs. G is found to have atrial fibrillation, and is given warfarin (Coumadin) to prevent what?
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Blood clot formation
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Mr. B uses a short acting anticholinergic for the management of his asthma. What drug is in this inhaler?
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Ipratropium
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What are anticholinesterase drugs?
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Parasympathomimetic
Cholinomimetic |
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By using the medication as an inhaler, Mr. A is able to deliver the medication directly to his lungs, this means what?
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The drug has improved bioavailability for the lungs
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Mr. H takes niacin to lower which blood levels?
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Cholesterol
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Mr. C now states he gets sudden chest pain at rest, this is called what?
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Unstable Angina
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Which lab tests should be ordered when starting any HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor?
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Liver function test (LFTs)
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Epinephrine is used to treat what?
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Severe allergic reactions
|
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What is a concern with using nitrates for angina?
|
Hypotension
|
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What is Captopril?
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an ACE inhibitor
|
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Mr. K wants to know why he’s getting a lab test on his blood every six hours, you are able to tell him that this is to monitor the effect of the IV anticoagulant and it must be followed very closely. What lab test is he getting every 6 hours?
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PTT
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Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors are diuretics commonly used to treat what?
|
Glaucoma
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Mr. D returns to a perfusing rhythm after your team applies oxygen, forced respirations, and a defibrillation shock with an antiarrythmic drug. He is transported to the nearest emergency room. The subsequent EKG reveals Mr. D has suffered a myocardial infarction. The decision is made to treat Mr. D with a thrombolytic. Which thrombolytic drug?
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Retevase
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What are absolute contraindications of thrombolytic therapy?
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Active bleeding
Any history of stroke Major surgery or trauma in past 2 months Confirmed BP >180/100 |
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are what?
|
Cholinomimetic
|
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What is Dicylclomine?
|
An Anticholinergic used in bowl spasm
|
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Mrs. L has a sinus rhythm on her EKG (ECG). We know that..?
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Sinus rhythm is normal
|
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What are a few drugs that are used for high blood pressure?
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Diuretics
Beta Adrenergic Antagonists ACE Inhibitors |
|
What are the main electrolytes involved in action potentials of neurons and muscle?
|
Sodium
Potassium Chloride Calcium |
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Mr. A uses a short acting beta adrenergic agonist for the management of his asthma. It is his yellow rescue inhaler that he uses one or two inhalations, four times a day, as needed for his wheezing. What is another effect Mr. A may experience when he uses this inhaler?
|
Increased heart rate
|
|
Describe HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
|
Statins
Used to lower cholesterol Pregnancy category X Can cause muscle soreness |
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What are the drugs that are used in Vfib?
|
Lidocaine
Amiodarone Epinephrine Oxygen |
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What is used to treat congestive heart failure?
|
Positive Inotropes
Diuretics ACE inhibitors |
|
Describe Angiotensin receptor blockers
|
Generic names end in "-sartan"
Should be avoided in pregnancy Used to treat Hypertension |
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Mr. C has been placed on a diuretic for his hypertension. Which diuretic is most commonly used for HTN?
|
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
|
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Mr. C must be instructed that sublingual tablets must be..?
|
Dissolved under the tongue
Never swallowed because the drug is not as effective due to liver metabolism |
|
Mrs. D develops a tight cough and bronchospasm when she uses her eye drops. What drug would most likely be causing this response?
|
Levobunolol (beta blocker)
|
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(3) Mrs. A receives a rectal suppository to stop the seizure, that suppository most likely contains which drug?
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Diazepam (Diastat, Valium)
|
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In the 80s a rapidly progressing and irreversible form of severe Parkinsonism was found in young adults who were using drugs synthesized by an amateur chemist. The toxin discovered was later used as an animal model of Parkinsonism. That toxin is what?
|
MPTP
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T or F? Endorphins are naturally occurring brain peptides that regulate pain by acting upon specific receptors. Opiates derived from opium act upon these receptors altering sensation of pain.
|
True
|
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What is true of carbidopa and levodopa combinations?
|
Carbidopa prevents the peripheral metabolism of the dopamine precusor levodopa
|
|
The drugs donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Reminyl), and rivastigmine (Exelon) are..?
|
Dopamine antagonists used in Psychosis
|
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The use of any D2 antagonist can result in dystonic reactions. What describes D2 antagonists?
|
Antipsychotic drugs
Antiemetic drugs |
|
Mr. D has severe neurogenic pain and is placed on gabapentin (Neurontin). This drug is classified as what?
|
An Anticonvulsant
|
|
What is GABA?
|
A neurotransmitter that opens chloride channels
|
|
Mrs. C becomes conscious for a few minutes when she is given flumazenil (Romazicon). You know that this drug reverses the effect of what?
|
Benzodiazepines
|
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Mr. B is counseled that benzodiazepines are effective for acute panic attacks, however, daily use of benzodiazepines can lead to addiction and abuse. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is recommended. What medications are an SSRI used in anxiety disorders?
|
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft) |
|
Mrs. C is found unresponsive at home, her new prescription bottle of clonazepam (Klonopin) is empty, she is brought to the emergency room. What do you suspect is her problem?
|
Benzodiazepine overdose
|
|
What are the drugs classes used to treat the symptoms of Parkinsons?
|
MAO inhibitors
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Dopamine precursors Anticholinergic drugs |
|
Bromocriptine (Parlodel) is an ergotamine dopamine receptor agonist. This drug is used to treat what?
|
Parkinsons
Prolactinoma of the Pituitary |
|
What prevents neuron action potentials?
|
Blocking sodium channels
Opening chloride channels |
|
Which of the following anticonvulsants carries this warning: Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis reported. Obtain complete pretreatment hematological testing as a baseline. Discontinue if develop evidence of bone marrow depression?
|
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
|
|
Drugs used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease include...?
|
dyphenhydramine (Benadryl)
benztropine (Cogentin) Sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa) |
|
T or F? It is contraindicated to give the SSRI fluoxetine (Prozac) within two weeks of MAOi therapy.
|
True
|
|
Mr. D is rushed to the hospital after taking excessive doses of oxycodone (Oxycontin) pain pills. The agent used to reverse the effect of opiates is what?
|
Naloxone (Narcan)
|
|
Sinemet is a combination drug of carbidopa and levodopa, what is this drug used for?
|
Parkinsons
|
|
The treatment of acute dystonic reactions to antipsychotic medications is what?
|
dyphenhydramine (Benadryl)
benztropine (Cogentin) |
|
Why does the FDA label warn that the anticonvulsant phenytoin IV be infused very slowly?
|
Phenytoin can cause hypotension
|
|
Parkinsons disease is thought to be a disease of what?
|
The Basal Ganglia
|
|
Venlafaxine (Effexor) is both a serotonin and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used in anxiety and depression. What is true of serotonin and norepinephrine?
|
Both are monoamines involved in anxiety and depression
|
|
What antipsychotics carries this warning: Risk of agranulocytosis, seizures, myocarditis, and other cardiovascular and respiratory effects?
|
clozapine (Clozapine)
|
|
T or F? Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with atypical antipsychotic medications are at an increased risk of death.
|
True
|
|
T or F? Most drugs used to treat ADHD are sympathomimetic amines similar to amphetamine.
|
True
|
|
Sodium bicarbonate IV is used to treat what problem ?
|
Tricylic antidepressant overdose
|
|
The family is counseled that excessive doses of flumazenil (Romazicon) are avoided because it can cause what?
|
Seizure
|
|
The difference between simple and complex seizures is that simple seizures...?
|
Do NOT involve loss of consciousness
|
|
T or F? Tricyclic Antidepressants are only used to treat depression.
|
False
|
|
Name an Inflammatory Bowel Disease
|
Crohns disease
Ulcerative Colitis |
|
Mrs. A takes an anticonvulsant medication everyday, which of the following is an anticonvulsant?
|
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
|
|
After giving Mrs. C flumazenil (Romazicon) she wakes up few a few minutes then returns to sleep. The family wants to know why the Romazicon is not working. You know that..?
|
The half life of flumazenil is short and may need repeated doses
|
|
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) prevent the reuptake of what?
|
Serotonin
Norepinephrine |
|
What are true of the antacids?
|
Magnesium hydroxide can result in a laxative effect but is not systemically absorbed.
Aluminum hydroxide can result in constipation but is not systemically absorbed. Sodium Bicarbonate and Calcium Carbonate are systemically absorbed and can cause metabolic alkalosis if taken excessively. |
|
Mr. E is admitted to the hospital for abdomen pain. Mr. Es wife states he is an alcoholic, which he denies. Two day after admission he becomes confused, combative and hallucinates. He is treated with thiamine and round the clock dosages of a benzodiazepine. He is suffering from...?
|
Delerium Tremens
|
|
Mr. B is suffering from panic disorder, what is a benzodiazepine used for panic attack?
|
alprazolam (Xanax)
diazepam (Valium) clorazepate (Tranxene) |
|
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOi) prevent the breakdown of what?
|
Serotonin
Norepinephrine Dopamine |
|
What are unwanted effects of many antipsychotics?
|
Hypotension
Acute dystonic reactions Tartive dyskinesia Parkinson's like symptoms |
|
What are used to treat GERD?
|
Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) |
|
Describe Ergot Alkaloids
|
Originally derived from moldy grains
Dopamine agonists and antagonists Adrenergic agonists and antagonists Serotonin agonists and antagonists |
|
What are Ergot Alkaloids used to treat?
|
Migraine headache
Parkinsons disease |
|
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is thought to be due to fetal exposure to what?
|
phenytoin (Dilantin)
|
|
(4) Athletes who use performance enhancing drugs that are similar to growth hormone (GH) have facial features that are similar to those seen in what disease?
|
Acromegaly
|
|
The definition of AIDS requires what?
|
HIV positive and CD 4 count less than 200
|
|
A patient has been diabetic since childhood, and requires daily injections of insulin. This person most likely has what type?
|
Type 1 Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus
|
|
What is the intermediate acting type of insulin?
|
Humulin N
|
|
Which oral diabetic agent carries this warning: "may cause or exacerbate CHF in some patients" "not recommended in patients with symptomatic heart failure"?
|
pioglitazone (Actos)
rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
|
When is monotherapy acceptable in HIV infection?
|
Never; except in select clinical trials
|
|
What drug is a thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor?
|
Methimazole
|
|
What best describes AZT?
|
Also called zisovudine/Retrovir
A nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor First drug used to treat HIV infection |
|
If a person has an elevated TSH, we usually assume this person has what?
|
Primary hypothyroidism since pituitary disease is so rare
|
|
What is the main hormone in the regulation of bone metabolism?
|
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
|
|
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is what?
|
Used to treat hypo/hyper thyroidism
|
|
Mrs. N is receiving immune globulin therapy. You are able to inform her that immune globulins are...?
|
Antibodies that occur naturally in the body to fight diseases.
|
|
What are interferons?
|
Drugs used to fight certain viral infections
Prevent the reproduction of viral genetic material in the host cell Naturally secreted by certain cells as part of our viral defenses |
|
Which tests will first become positive after exposure to HIV?
|
HIV RNA
|
|
What are T helper cells?
|
CD 4 cells
Lymphocytes Mediators of cellular immunity |
|
What disease is due to excess glucocorticoid exposure?
|
Cushing's Syndrome
|
|
B lymphocytes are?
|
Plasma cells which secret antibodies
Memory cells that become plasma cells once stimulated with antigen |
|
The virus that causes AIDS is what?
|
A retrovirus
|
|
A person has recently been diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What is true about SIADH?
|
May be caused by lung tumor
|
|
What explains ritonavir boosting?
|
A protease inhibitor that increases the bioavailability of other protease inhibitors used to treat HIV
|
|
White cells communicate with what?
|
Interleukins
Interleukocytokines |
|
Glucagon has the opposite effect of which hormone?
|
Insulin
|
|
What is a sulfonylurea?
|
Glipizide
Glyburide |
|
What factors are important in deciding HIV therapy?
|
Toxicity
Previous drug failures Pregnancy Genotype of HIV virus |
|
What is long acting insulin called?
|
Ultralente
|
|
What is Calcitonin?
|
Naturally occurring hormone synthesized by the thyroid
Drug used to increase bone formation Prevents osteoclastic breakdown of bones |
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What is Aldosterone?
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Naturally occurring hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
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What is regular insulin called?
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Humulin R
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What is Lipodystrophy Syndrome?
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An abnormal fat distribution patter due to the use of antiretroviral drugs
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What is true of the drug metformin?
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It is a biguanide used in diabetes mellitus
Lactic acidosis is an adverse reaction seen especially in those with renal dysfunction |
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How long have we known about AIDS?
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28 years
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Long term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can result in what?
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Atherosclerosis
Kidney Failure Blindess Amputation |
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What is the test that determines "viral load" of HIV?
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HIV RNA
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What does HAART stand for?
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The appropriate drug combination therapy in treating HIV
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Infants are tested at birth for hypothyroidism to prevent what?
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Mental retardation
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Describe HAART
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Two different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination with a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and with a protease inhibitor
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AIDS is the acronym for what?
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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Dr. J is receiving Neupogen (filgrastim or G-CSF) for his neutropenia. When he asks you why you he is getting that medication you are able to inform him of what?
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Neupogen stimulates the production of neutrophils, which are white blood cells that help fight infection.
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What year was the first HIV tests for the nations blood supply commercially available?
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1985
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What is the shortest acting insulin called?
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Humalog
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What is diabetes insipidus?
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Disturbance of water regulation
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What is hydrocorisone?
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Naturally occurring hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
Drug used in topical anti inflammatory Drug used to treat Addison's disease Naturally occurring glucocorticoid synthesized from cholesterol |
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What is Vasopressin?
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Naturally occuring hormone made by the posterior pituitary
Drug used in ventricular fibrillation Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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What type of diabetes can be controlled by diet and exercise?
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Type 2 Non Insullin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus
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