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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Invasions by this group pressured the Germanic Tribes to invade Rome.
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Huns
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Leader of the Hun invasions.
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Attila
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Broke through the borders of the Roman Empire.
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Germanic Tribes
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Year that the Roman Empire fell.
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A.D. 476
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Dates for the Early Middle Ages
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A.D. 500-1000
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Between A.D. 400 and 700, Germanic invaders carved Western Europe into _________.
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small kingdoms
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Strongest of the Germanic Kingdoms in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.
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Franks
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Frankish King who was the first Germanic ruler to accept Catholicism.
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Clovis
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Clovis and his successors.
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Merovingian Kings
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By 700, they were more powerful than the Merovingian Kings.
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Mayors of the Palace.
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Mayor of the Palace who led Franks to victory at the Battle of Tours.
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Charles Martel
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The Muslim advance on Europe was stopped at the ________________. (one of the most significant battles in history)
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Battle of Tours
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Mayor of the Palace that seized the Throne of the Franks.
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Pepin the Short
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Pepin the Short seized the Frankish throne with the approval of the ____.
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Pope
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Greatest Frankish ruler.
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Charlemagne
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United most of Western Europe into a Christian Empire (800).
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Charlemagne
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Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by the Pope.
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Charlemagne
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Conquered Saxons and forced them to convert to Christianity.
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Charlemagne
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Charlemagne's empire was divided among his three grandsons. (843)
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Treaty of Verdun
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From 800-1000 Europe was plundered by _____.
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new invasions
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Three groups who invaded Europe from 800-1000.
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Muslims, Magyars & Vikings
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Vikings were from _____.
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Scandinavia
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Weakened central authority of European Monarchs.
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Viking raids
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When royal power (monarchs) was weakened local defense was taken over by _____.
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Nobles
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The Viking raids resulted in a new political system called __________.
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Feudalism
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New political system that began to take over Europe around 900/Developed to provide protection from invaders.
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Feudalism
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Political and military system based on the holding of land.
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Feudalism
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Divided Western Europe into thousands of territories governed by nobles.
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Feudalism
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Swore loyalty to a lord in exchange for land.
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Vassal
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Land a lord gave a vassal.
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fief
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A lord's vassals made up his private ______.
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army
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A vassal swore loyalty to his _____.
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lord
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Lords and vassals were both ____.
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nobles
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A noble could be both a lord and a _________.
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vassal at the same time.
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Noble mounted warriors.
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knights
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Provided food and labor to nobles in exchange for protection.
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peasants
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Peasants bound to the land.
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serfs
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Self-sufficient estates (owned by nobles worked by peasants).
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Manors
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The economic relationship between nobles and peasants.
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manorialism
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Most important institution in Europe after the fall of Rome.
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Roman Catholic Church
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Preserver of civilization in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.
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Roman Catholic Church
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He protected the city of Rome and the church by mobilizing forces for the purpose of defense; he reasserted papal supremacy and increased the role and importance of the church in people's lives.
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Pope Gregory I
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Was established as the single most important figure in the Western Church providing it a sense of direction.
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Pope
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In the third and fourth century the Roman Empire became culturally divided and eventually ________.
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politically divided.
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With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the eastern half became known as the _________.
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Byzantine Empire
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Most important Byzantine Emperor who engaged in great public works including the Hagia Sophia cathedral.
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Justinian I
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After a systematic review of all the laws of Rome, HE codified the law, keeping the legal principals of ancient Rome.
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Justinian I
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From the Byzantine Empire remained an inspiration for civil law codes.
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Justinian's Code
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Capital of the Byzantine Empire.
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Constantinople
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In 1453 the Byzantine Empire fell to the _____.
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Ottoman Turks
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Successors to Muhammad, leaders of the Muslim world.
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Caliphs
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The first four Caliphs knew Muhammad personally.
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"The Rightly Guided Caliphs"
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When Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law (the last of the Rightly Guided Caliphs), was killed Mu'awiyah became Caliph and began the ___________.
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Umayyad Caliphate
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The Umayyad Dynasty moved the capital Islam from Mecca to ________.
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Damascus
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Those who accepted Mu'awiyah and the Umayyad Caliphate.
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Sunnis
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Those who rejected Mu'awiyah's rule and the Umayyad Caliphate.
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Shiites
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Muslim Dynasty that conquered North Africa and Spain and was turned back by the Franks at the battle of Tours.
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Umayyad Caliphate
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Non-Arab Muslims were discriminated against by the ____________.
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Umayyad Caliphate
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Shiites allied with the non-Arab Muslims overthrew the ___________.
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Umayyad Caliphate
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When the Umayyad's were overthrown the new Caliph was a descendent of Muhammad's uncle Abbas and started the ___________.
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Abbasid Caliphate
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In 750 the Umayyad Dynasty ended after a rebellion in Persia led by Abu al-Abbas, who founded the ______.
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Abbasid Caliphate
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When the Umayyad's were overthrown in 750, one Umayyad escaped and started a separate Umayyad kingdom in ______.
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Spain
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The capital of the Abbasid Caliphate was in ____.
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Baghdad
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From 756 to 868 the Islamic empire broke into _____.
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smaller parts
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All Muslims were to follow the ___________.
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Five Pillars of Islam
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Believe and testify that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. Pray five times a day facing Mecca. Give Alms (charity) to the poor. Fast during the daylight hours of Ramadan. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca, if you can afford it, sometime during your lifetime (the hajj).
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Five Pillars of Islam
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Bubonic Plague
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Black Death
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Spread from southwestern China to Europe in about 1348. Fleas on Rats transmitted in conjunction with Mongol military campaigns and trade.
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Black Death
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Killed 90% of Chinese living in the northeast and a third of European population.
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Black Death
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Decimated cities and caused people to move to rural areas.
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Black Death
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Series of five holy wars, declared by Pope Urban II in 1095, against the Muslims in an effort to recapture Palestine and Jerusalem.
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Crusades
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When warriors would go on a crusade and fight on behalf of their faith (wearing crosses sewn onto their backs)
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"Taking up the Cross"
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Part of the First Crusade, organized by Peter the Hermit, who gathered a group of poor knights and peasants, who failed to recapture the Holy Land but who generated popular support for the cause.
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Peasant Crusade
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Increased cultural diffusion. Europe was reintroduced to Greco-Roman culture, which had been preserved by the Byzantine Empire, and in addition discovered eastern goods such as silk, rice, glass, and coffee.
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Crusades
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Led to the development of the High Middle Ages, as demand for "new" goods and ideas increased and led to increased trade; people moved off of manors and there was a development of towns and cities and growth of the power of kings.
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Crusades
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The Byzantine Empire, feudal nobles, papal power and the church were all weakened by the ___.
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Crusades
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Moved into the Muslim Empire and converted to Islam. In 1055 they captured Baghdad and replaced the Arabs as the ruling class in Islam.
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Seljuk Turks
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Defeated the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, within 10 years they controlled all of Asia Minor.
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Seljuk Turks
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Established by Osman when he declared independence from the Seljuk Sultan and began to build a state out of the declining Byzantine Empire.
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Ottoman Empire
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In 1453 the Ottoman Turks conquered ______.
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Constantinople
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While he was the Sultan from 1520 to 1566 the Ottoman empire enjoyed it's golden age. Ottoman poets, painters, and architects flourished and adapted culture from both the Persians and the Arabs.
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Suleiman
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At its height it stretched from Hungary to Arabia and Mesopotamia and across North Africa.
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Ottoman Empire
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