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372 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acetabulum |
rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint |
|
acromion |
outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder |
|
articular cartilage |
thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space |
|
bone |
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
|
bone depression |
opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageway for blood vessels and nerves |
|
bone process |
enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
|
calcium |
mineral constituent of bones |
|
cancellous bone |
spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of the bone |
|
cartilage |
flexible, rubbery, connective tissue |
|
collagen |
dense, connective tissue protein strands doing in bone and other tissues |
|
compact bone |
hard, dense bone tissue, usually around outer portions of bones |
|
cranial bones |
skull bones (ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal) |
|
diaphysis |
shaft or mid portion of a long bone |
|
disk (disc) |
flat, round, plate like structure |
|
epiphyseal plate |
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in the immature skeleton |
|
epiphysis |
each end of a long bone |
|
facial bones |
bones of the face (lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic) |
|
fontanelle |
soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
|
foramen magnum |
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
|
haversian canals |
minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone |
|
ligament |
fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones |
|
malleolus |
round process on both sides of the ankle joint |
|
manubrium |
upper portion of the sternum |
|
mastoid process |
round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
|
medullary cavity |
central, hollowed out area in the shaft of a long bone |
|
metaphysis |
flared portion of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate |
|
olecranon |
large process on the proximal end of the ulna |
|
osseous tissue |
bone tissue |
|
ossification |
process of bone formation |
|
osteoblast |
bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
|
osteoclast |
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
|
periosteum |
membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
|
phosphorus |
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
|
physiatrist |
medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation |
|
pubic symphysis |
area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis |
|
red bone marrow |
doing in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
|
ribs |
twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall 1-7: true ribs 8-10: false ribs 10-12: floating ribs |
|
sella turica |
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
|
sinus |
hollow air cavity within a bone |
|
styloid process |
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
|
suture |
immovable joint between two bones |
|
temporomandibular joint |
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw |
|
tendon |
fibrous connection between muscle and bone |
|
trabeculae |
supporting bundles of bony fibres in cancellous bone |
|
vertebra |
individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina |
|
xyphoid process |
lower, narrow portion of the sternum |
|
yellow bone marrow |
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
|
calc/o calci/o |
calcium |
|
kyph/o |
posterior curvature in thoracic region |
|
lamin/o |
lamina |
|
lord/o |
curve |
|
lumb/o |
loins, lower back |
|
myel/o |
bone marrow |
|
orth/o |
straight |
|
oste/o |
bone |
|
scoli/o |
crooked |
|
spondyl/o |
vertebra |
|
-blast |
embryonic cell |
|
-clast |
to break |
|
-lithesis |
slipping |
|
-malacia |
softening |
|
-physis |
to grow |
|
-porosis |
pore, passage |
|
-tome |
instrument to cut |
|
acetabul/l |
hip socket (acetabulum) |
|
calcane/o |
calcaneus (heal) |
|
carp/o |
carpals |
|
clavicul/o |
clavicle |
|
cost/o |
ribs |
|
crani/o |
cranium |
|
femor/o |
femur (thigh bone) |
|
fibul/o |
fibula (smaller lower leg bone) |
|
humer/o |
humerus (upper arm bone) |
|
ili/o |
ilium (upper part of pelvic bone) |
|
ischi/o |
ischium (part of pelvic bone) |
|
malleol/o |
malleoulus |
|
mandibul/o |
mandible |
|
maxill/o |
maxilla (upper jaw) |
|
metacarp/o |
metacarpals (hand bones) |
|
metatars/o |
metatarsals (foot bones) |
|
olecran/o |
olecran (elbow) |
|
patell/o |
patella (kneecap) |
|
pelvi/o |
pelvis |
|
perone/o |
fibula |
|
phalang/o |
phalanges |
|
pub/o |
pubis |
|
radi/o |
radius |
|
scapul/o |
scapula (shoulder blade) |
|
stern/o |
sternum |
|
tars/o |
tarsals |
|
tibi/o |
tibia (shin bone) |
|
uln/o |
ulna (lower arm bone) |
|
articular cartilage |
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint |
|
articulation |
any type of joint |
|
bursa |
sac of fluid near a joint |
|
ligament |
connective tissue binding bones to bones |
|
meniscus |
crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee |
|
synovial cavity |
space between bones at a synovial joint |
|
synovial fluid |
viscous fluid within the synovial cavity |
|
synovial joint |
freely movable joint |
|
synovial membrane |
tissue lining the synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid |
|
tendon |
connective tissue that binds muscle to bones |
|
ankyl/o |
stiff |
|
arthr/o |
joint |
|
articul/o |
joint |
|
burs/o |
bursa |
|
chondr/o |
cartilage |
|
ligament/o |
ligament |
|
rheumat/o |
watery flow |
|
synov/o |
synovial membrane |
|
ten/o |
tendon |
|
tendin/o |
tendon |
|
-desis |
to bind, tie together |
|
-stenosis |
narrowing |
|
abduction |
movement away from midline of the body |
|
adduction |
movement towards midline of the body |
|
dorsiflexion |
backward (upward) bending of the foot |
|
extension |
straightening of a flexed limb |
|
fascia |
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles |
|
insertion of a muscle |
connection of the muscle to a bone that moves |
|
origin of a muscle |
connection of the muscle to a stationary bone |
|
plantar flexion |
bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground |
|
pronation |
turning the palm downward |
|
rotation |
circular movement around a central point |
|
skeletal muscle |
muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle |
|
smooth muscle |
visceral muscle |
|
striated muscle |
skeletal muscle |
|
supination |
turning the palm upward |
|
visceral muscle |
muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle |
|
fasci/o |
fascia |
|
fibr/o |
fibrous |
|
leiomy/o |
smooth muscle |
|
my/o |
muscle |
|
myocardi/o |
heart muscle |
|
myos/o |
muscle |
|
plant/o |
sole of the foot |
|
rhabdomy/o |
skeletal muscle connected to bones |
|
-asthenia |
lack of strength |
|
-trophy |
development, nourishment |
|
ab- |
away from |
|
ad- |
toward |
|
dorsi- |
back |
|
poly- |
many, much |
|
adipocyte |
fat cell |
|
apocrine sweat gland |
one of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas |
|
basal layer |
deepest region of the epidermis; gives rise to all epidermal cell |
|
collagen |
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue |
|
cuticle |
band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate |
|
dermis |
middle layer of skin |
|
eccrine sweat gland |
most numerous sweat producing gland in skin |
|
epidermis |
outermost layer of skin |
|
epithelium |
layer of skin cells forming the outer layer and inner surface of the body |
|
hair follicle |
sac within which each hair grows |
|
integumentary system |
the skin and it's accessory structures such as hair and nails |
|
keratin |
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails |
|
lunula |
half Moon shaped whitish area at the base of the nail |
|
melanin |
skin pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis |
|
paronychium |
soft tissue surrounding the nail border |
|
pore |
tiny opening on the surface of the skin |
|
sebaceous gland |
oil secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles |
|
sebum |
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands |
|
squamous epithelium |
flat, scale like cells composing the epidermis |
|
stratified |
arranged in layers |
|
stratum |
a layer of cells |
|
stratum corneum |
outermost layer of epidermis; consists of flattened keratinized cells |
|
subcutaneous layer |
innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue |
|
adip/o |
fat |
|
caus/o |
burn |
|
cauter/o |
heat, burning |
|
cutane/o |
skin |
|
derm/o |
skin |
|
dermat/o |
skin |
|
diaphor/o |
profuse sweating |
|
erythem/o |
redness |
|
hidr/o |
sweat |
|
ichthy/o |
scaly, dry |
|
kerat/o |
hard, horny tissue |
|
melan/o |
black |
|
myc/o |
fungus |
|
onchy/o |
nail |
|
phyt/o |
plant |
|
pil/o |
hair, hair follicle |
|
py/o |
pus |
|
rhythid/o |
wrinkle |
|
Seb/o |
sebum |
|
squam/o |
scale like |
|
steat/o |
fat |
|
trich/o |
hair |
|
ungu/o |
nail |
|
xanth/o |
yellow |
|
xer/o |
dry |
|
accommodation |
normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near |
|
anterior chamber |
the area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris |
|
aqueous humor |
fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber |
|
biconvex |
consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly (lens of the eye) |
|
choroid |
middle, vascular layer of the eye between the retina and the sclera |
|
ciliary body |
structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor |
|
cone |
photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision |
|
conjuctiva |
delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids and covers anterior eyeball |
|
cornea |
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of eyeball |
|
cornea |
fibrous transparent layer that extends over anterior portion of the eyeball |
|
fovea centralis |
tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision |
|
fundus of the eye |
posterior, inner part of the eye |
|
iris |
pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye |
|
lens |
transparent biconvex body behind the pupil |
|
macula |
yellowish region on the retinal lateral to and slightly below the optic disc |
|
optic chasm |
the point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain |
|
optic disc |
the region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina ; blind spot |
|
optic nerve |
cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain |
|
pupil |
central opening of the eye |
|
refraction |
bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids in the eye to focus on the retina |
|
retina |
light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye |
|
rod |
photoreceptor cell of retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision |
|
sclera |
tough, white outer coat of the eye |
|
thalamus |
relay center for the brain |
|
vitreous humor |
soft, jelly like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber |
|
aque/o |
water |
|
blephar/o |
eyelid |
|
conjunctiv/o |
conjunctiva |
|
Cor/o |
pupil |
|
corne/o |
cornea |
|
cycl/o |
ciliary body |
|
dacry/o |
tears, tear ducts |
|
ir/o |
iris |
|
irid/o |
iris |
|
kerat/o |
cornea |
|
lacrim/o |
tears |
|
ocul/o |
eye |
|
opthalm/o |
eye |
|
opt/o |
eye or vision |
|
optic/o |
eye or vision |
|
palpebr/o |
eyelid |
|
papill/o |
optic disc |
|
phac/o |
lens of the eye |
|
phak/o |
lens of the eye |
|
pupill/o |
pupil |
|
retin/o |
retina |
|
scler/o |
sclera |
|
uve/o |
uvea |
|
vitre/o |
glassy |
|
ambly/o |
dull, dim |
|
dipl/o |
double |
|
glauc/o |
gray |
|
mi/o |
smaller, less |
|
mydr/o |
widen, enlarge |
|
nyct/o |
night |
|
phot/o |
light |
|
presby/o |
old age |
|
Scot/o |
darkness |
|
xer/o |
dry |
|
-opia |
vision |
|
-opsia |
vision |
|
-tropia |
to turn |
|
auditory canal |
channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum |
|
auditory meatus |
auditory canal |
|
auditory nerve fibers |
carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain |
|
auditory tube |
channel between the middle ear and nasopharynx; eustachian tube |
|
auricle |
flap of the ear, pinna |
|
cerumen |
earwax |
|
cochlea |
snail shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear |
|
endolymph |
fluid within the labrynth of the inner ear |
|
eustachian tube |
auditory tube |
|
incus |
second ossicle of the middle ear |
|
labrinth |
maze like series of canals in the inner ear |
|
malleus |
first ossicle of the middle ear |
|
organ of corti |
sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear |
|
ossicle |
small bone of the ear |
|
oval window |
membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear |
|
perilymph |
fluid contained in the labrynth |
|
pinna |
auricle, ear flap |
|
semicircular canals |
passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium |
|
stapes |
third ossicle of the middle ear |
|
tympanic membrane |
membrane between the outer and middle ear (eardrum) |
|
vestibule |
central cavity of the labrynth connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea |
|
acous/o |
hearing |
|
audi/o |
hearing |
|
audit/o |
hearing |
|
aur/o |
ear |
|
auricul/o |
ear |
|
cochle/o |
cochlea |
|
mastoid/o |
mastoid process |
|
myring/o |
ear drum, tympanic membrane |
|
ossicul/o |
ossicle |
|
ot/o |
ear |
|
salping/o |
eustachian tube |
|
staped/o |
stapes |
|
tyman/o |
eardrum, tympanic membrane |
|
vestibul/o |
vestibule |
|
-acusis or -cusis |
hearing |
|
-meter |
instrument for measure |
|
-otia |
ear condition |
|
adrenal cortex |
outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
|
adrenal medulla |
inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
|
pancreas |
located behind the stomach |
|
parathyroid glands |
four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland |
|
pituitary gland |
located at the base of the brain in the sella turica |
|
thyroid gland |
located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin |
|
adrenaline (norepinephrine) |
secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
|
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) |
secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex |
|
aldosterone |
secreted by the adrenal cortex to increase salt reabsorption |
|
androgen |
male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex |
|
ADH antidiuretic hormone |
secreted by the pituitary to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys |
|
calcitonin |
secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels |
|
cortisol |
secreted by the adrenal cortex to increase blood sugar |
|
estradiol |
estrogen secreted by the ovaries |
|
estrogen |
female hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal cortex |
|
FSH follicle stimulating hormone |
secreted by the pituitary to stimulate hormone secretion and egg production by ovaries and sperm by the testes |
|
glucagons |
secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas; increases blood sugar |
|
GH growth hormone (somatotropin) |
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues |
|
insulin |
secreted by beta islet cells to help glucose pass into cells and promote conversion of glucose to glycogen |
|
luteinizing hormone (LH) |
secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males |
|
norepinephrine |
secreted by the adrenal medulla to increase heart rate and blood pressure |
|
oxytocin |
secreted by the pituitary to stimulate contraction of the uterus during labour and child birth |
|
parathormone |
secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
|
progesterone |
secreted by ovaries to prepare the uterus for pregnancy |
|
prolactin |
secreted by the pituitary to promote milk secretion |
|
somatotropin |
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
|
thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh, thyrotropin) |
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to promote thyroid function |
|
thyroxine |
secreted by the thyroid gland to increase cell metabolism |
|
triiodothyronine |
secreted by the thyroid to increase cell metabolism |
|
vasopressin |
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; adh; raises water reabsorption and raises blood pressure |
|
catecholamines |
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla |
|
corticosteroids |
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex |
|
electrolyte |
mineral salt found in blood and tissues |
|
glucocorticoid |
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism |
|
hormone |
substance secreted by a gland to influence structure or function of an organ or gland |
|
hypothalamus |
region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland |
|
mineralocorticoid |
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in body |
|
receptor |
cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
|
sella turica |
cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
|
sex hormones |
steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence sex characteristics |
|
steroid |
complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made |
|
sympathomimetic |
pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system |
|
target issue |
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones |
|
Aden/o |
gland |
|
adrenal/o |
adrenal glands |
|
gonad/o |
sex glands |
|
pancreat/o |
pancreas |
|
parathyroid/o |
parathyroid gland |
|
pituitar/o |
pituitary gland |
|
thyroid/o |
thyroid gland |
|
andr/o |
male |
|
calc/o |
calcium |
|
cortic/o |
cortex |
|
crin/o |
secrete |
|
dips/o |
thirst |
|
estr/o |
female |
|
gluc/o |
sugar |
|
home/o |
sameness |
|
hormon/o |
hormone |
|
kal/i |
potassium |
|
lact/o |
milk |
|
myx/o |
mucus |
|
natr/o |
sodium |
|
phys/o |
growing |
|
somat/o |
body |
|
ster/o |
solid structure |
|
toc/o |
childbirth |
|
toxic/o |
position |
|
ur/o |
urine |
|
-agon |
assemble, gather together |
|
-emia |
blood condition |
|
-in -ine |
a substance |
|
-tropin |
stimulating the function of |
|
-uria |
urine condition |
|
eu- |
good or normal |
|
hyper- |
excessive |
|
hypo- |
deficient |
|
oxy- |
rapid, sharp, acid |
|
pan- |
all |
|
tetra- |
four |
|
tri- |
three |