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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absorption
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process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
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Adverse drug effect
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undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect
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Allergic effect
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an immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the drug administered as a foreign substance & forms antibodies against the drug
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Ampule
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glass flank that contains a single dose of medication for parenteral admin.
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Anaphylactic reaction (anaphylaxis)
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most serious allergic effect
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Antagonist effect
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effect either less than that of each drug alone
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Cumulative effect
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toxicities can occur from this; occurs when the body cannot metabolize 1 dose of a drug before another dose is administered
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Distribution
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depends on blood flow to the tissues, the drug’s ability to leave the bloodstream, & drugs ability to enter the cells
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Drug tolerance
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occurs when the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a particular drug over a period of time
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Excretion
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process of removing a drug, or its metabolites (products of metabolism), from the body. Kidneys excrete most drugs. Lungs are primary route for the excretion of gaseous substances, such as inhalation anesthetics. Many drugs are excreted through bile in the gastrointestinal tract. Sweat, salivary, & mammary glands are also routes of drug excretion
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Generic name
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which identifies the drug’s active ingredient, is the name assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug
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Half-life
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amount of time it takes the 50% of the blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body
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Idiosyncratic effect
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any unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even the opposite of the expected response
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Inhalation
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inspiration; acto of breathing in
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Intradermal injection
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administered into the dermis, just below the epidermis
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Intramuscular injection
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injection into deep muscle tissue, usually of the buttock, thigh, or upper arm
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Intravenous route
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most dangerous route of administration because the drug is placed directly into the bloodstream, it cannot be recalled, & its actions cannot be slowed
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Metabolism
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biotransformation, the change of a drug from its original form to a new form. Liver is primary site for drug metabolism
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Mini-infusion pump (syringe pump)
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for intermittent infusion is battery operated & allows medication mixed in a syringe to be connected to the primary line & delivered by mechanical pressure applied to the syringe plunger
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Official name
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name by which the drug is identified in the official publications, United States Pharmacopeia & National Formulary (USP & NF)
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Parenteral
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outside the intestines or alimentary canal
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Peak level
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highest plasma concentration; should be measured when absorption is complete
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Pharmacology
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study that deals w/chemicals that affect the body’s functioning
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Intravenous piggyback delivery system
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requires the intermittent or additive solution to be placed higher than the primary solution container
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Placebo
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pharmacologically inactive substance
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PRN order
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“as needed” order
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STAT order
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a single order, but it’s carried out immediately
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Subcutaneous injections
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administered into the adipose tissue layer just below the epidermis & dermis
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Synergistic effect
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effect greater than that of each drug alone
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Teratogenic effect
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known to have the potential to cause developmental defects in the embryo of fetus & are definitely contraindicated
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Therapeutic range
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concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect w/out causing toxicity
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Topical application
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usually intended for direct action at a particular site, although some can have systemic effects & are given for systemic effect
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Toxic effect
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(toxicities) specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death
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Trade name
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referred to as the brand name or proprietary name, is selected by the drug company that sells the drug & is protected by trademark
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Trough level
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point when the drug is at its lowest concentration, & this specimen is usually drawn in the 30-min interval before the next dose
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Vial
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glass bottle w/a self-sealing stopper through which the medication is removed
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Volume-control administration set
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medication is diluted w/a small amount of solution & administered through the patient’s intravenous line
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Z-track technique
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recommended for all IM injections to ensure medication does not leak back along the needle track & into the subcutaneous tissue
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