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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Respiration |
exchange of gases. |
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Ventilation |
movement in and out |
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External respiration |
in lungs, O2 absorbed into blood/capillaries, CO2 excreted. |
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Internal respiration |
gas exchange between blood in capillaries + tissue fluid. |
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Cellular respiration |
gaining energy, in mitochondria |
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Air entering lungs must be... |
warm, humidified, filtered |
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Air in alveolar sacs |
100% humidified clean- no bacteria 37'C |
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Conducting zone |
no gas exchange! bronchi + bronchioles. |
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Respiratory zone |
gas exchange! alveolar ducts + sacs |
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Type 2 pneumocyte secretes |
surfactant |
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Function of surfactant |
keep alveoli open, stops collapsing when exhaling. |
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Function of cartilage |
keeps airways open. |
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Function of mucus glands |
sticky + wet, trap bacteria/foreign bodies. |
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Function of smooth muscle |
allows control of air flow. |
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Amount of air in lungs at end of normal expiration |
functional residual capacity |
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Air will enter lungs only if |
alveolar pressure is less than barometric pressure. |
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Force on lungs (FL) |
causes them to collapse. arises from elastic recoil + surface tension of wet alveoli. |
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Force on rib-cage (FCW) |
causes it to spring outward. arises from stretched tissues in sterno-costal and costo-vertebral joints. |
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Emphysema |
elastic fibres are lost from alveolar walls. results in increased lung compliance. |
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Tidal volume |
total volume of air moving in and out lungs in a single breath. |
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Compliance |
how readily the lung inflates (change Volume/ change P) |
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Conductance |
how much air can pass through vessel in 'x' time. |
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Dead space (VD) |
volume of the conducting airways. at rest= 150mL |
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Respiratory distress syndrome |
lack of pulmonary surfactant. difficulty inflating lungs. sufficient pressure must be overcome - elastic recoil + surface tension. |
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Asthma |
bronchiolar constriction. decreased radius= increase resistance. increased muscular effort |
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Pulmonary edema |
increased diffusion distance. "water on the lung" decreased gas exchange. |