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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
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- 3rd side (hint)
anxiety
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overall apprehension (fearful expectation) that is vague in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty an helplessness
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mental health
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the successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
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mental illness
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maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individual's social, occupational, and/or physical functioning.
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ego
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your consciousness of your own identity
the reality component of the personality that governs problem solving and rational thinking |
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psychosis
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loss of ego boundaries
gross impairment of reality testing (loss of contact with reality) |
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grief
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subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to the loss of a valued entity
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adaptation
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a physical or behavioral response to any change internally or externally that results in preservation of integrity or timely return to equilibrium
positive, healthy response |
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maladaptation
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physical or behavioral response to internal or external change that disrupts the integrity of the individual.
negative, unhealthy |
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stress
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individual's reaction (physical, mental, emotional) to any change that requires an adjustment or response
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stressor
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biological, psychological, social, or chemical factor that causes physical or emotional tension. May be a factor in the cause of certain illnesses
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stress
biological response |
fight or flight response. General adaption syndrome three stages:
alarm resistance exhaustion |
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stress
environmental event |
thing or event that triggers the adaptive physiological and psychological response
emphasis on change from the existing stage of individual's life pattern does not necessarily consider person's perception of change |
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stress
transaction btwn individual and environment |
emphasizes the relationship between the individual and environment.
Personal characteristics and nature of environment are considered |
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precipitating event
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stimulus arising from environment and is perceived by the individual in a specific manner
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primary appraisal
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irrelevant, benign positive, stressful
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irrelevant= outcome holds no significance
benign positive= outcome is seen as producing pleasure stress= harm/loss, threat, challenge harm/loss= damage or loss threat=anticipated damage or loss challenge= potential for gain/growth (rather than risks) |
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secondary appraisal
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when stress is produced in response to harm/loss, threat, or challenge
is an assessment of skills, resources, and knowledge that the person possesses to deal with the situation |
Which coping strategies?
Will the option I choose be effective? Do I have the ability to use that strategy? |
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Predisposing factors
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a variety of elements that influence how an individual perceives and responds to stress
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genetics, past experience-, existing conditions
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genetics as predisposing factor
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hereditary
family history of conditions, temperment, |
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past experience as predisposing factor
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learned patterns that influence adaptation
previous exposure to stressor, learned coping responses, degree of adaptation to other stressors |
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existing conditions as predisposing factor
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current health, motivation, maturity, severity of stressor, finances, age,
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pressured speech
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tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly, as if motivated by an urgency not apparent to the listener
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distractible speech
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During mid speech, the subject is changed in response to a stimulus.
e.g. "Then I left San Francisco and moved to... where did you get that tie?" |
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Tangentiality
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Replying to questions in an oblique, tangential or irrelevant manner.
e.g: "What city are you from?" A: "Well, that's a hard question. I'm from Iowa. I really don't know where my relatives came from, so I don't know if I'm Irish or French." |
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Loose association
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Ideas slip off the track on to another which is obliquely related or unrelated.
"The next day when I'd be going out you know, I took control, like uh, I put bleach on my hair in California." |
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word salad
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Speech that is unintelligible because, though the individual words are real words, the manner in which they are strung together results in incoherent gibberish,
The question "Why do people comb their hair?" elicits a response like "Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant. Isn't lettuce brave? I like electrons. Hello, beautiful. |
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illogicality
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Conclusions are reached that do not follow logically (non sequiturs or faulty inferences)
"Do you think this will fit in that box?" draws a reply like "Well duh; it's brown, isn't it?" |
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clanging
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Sounds, rather than meaningful relationships, appear to govern words.
"I'm not trying to make noise. I'm trying to make sense. If you can't make sense out of nonsense, well, have fun." |
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neologisms
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New word formations.
e.g. "I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker." |
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word approximations
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Old words used in a new and unconventional way.
e.g. "His boss was a seeover." |
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evasive interaction
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Attempts to annunciate ideas and/or feelings about another individual comes out as evasive or in a diluted form.
e.g. "I... er ah... you are uh... I think you have... uh-- acceptable erm... uh... hair." |
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circumstantiality
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Speech that is very delayed at reaching its goal. Excessive long windedness.
e.g. "What is your name?" "Well, sometimes when people ask me that I have to think about whether or not I will answer because some people think it's an odd name even though I don't really because my mom gave it to me and I think my dad helped but it's as good a name as any in my opinion but yeah it's Tom." |
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loss of goal
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Failure to show a train of thought to a natural conclusion.
e.g. "Why does my computer keep crashing?", "Well, you live in a stucco house, so the pair of scissors needs to be in another drawer." |
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perserveration
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Persistent repetition of words or ideas.
e.g. "It's great to be here in Nevada, Nevada, Nevada, Nevada, Nevada." |
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echolalia
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Echoing of one's or other people's speech that may only be committed once, or may be continuous in repetition
e.g. "What would you like for dinner?", "That's a good question. That's a good question. That's a good question. That's a good question." |
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blocking
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Interruption of train of speech before completion.
e.g. "Am I early?", "No, you're just about on-" |
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stilted speech
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Speech excessively stilted and formal.
e.g. "The attorney comported himself indecorously." |
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self-reference
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Patient repeatedly and inappropriately refers back to self.
e.g. "What's the time?", "It's 7 o'clock. That's my problem. |
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phonemic paraphasia
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Mispronunciation; syllables out of sequence.
e.g. "I slipped on the lice broke my arm." |
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semantic paraphasia
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Substitution of inappropriate word.
e.g. "I slipped on the coat, on the ice I mean, and broke my book." |
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humors
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blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm
Hippocrates associated mental illness and insanity with an imbalance of these |
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ship of fools
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During Middle Ages mentally ill people were put on a ship and told to search for their lost rationality
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mental health
according to Maslow |
self actualization (highest point on pyramid) is a psychologically healthy, fully human, highly evolved, and fully mature.
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incomprehensibility
as a factor of mental illness |
inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior
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cultural relativity
as a factor of mental illness |
behavior recognized as mentally ill in one society may be viewed as normal in another and vice-versa.
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anticipatory grieving
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begin work of grieving before loss actually occurs
can be a problem in case of family anticipating death of a loved one. May detach and the loved one will feel rejected |
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bereavement overload
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accumulation of grief especially in the case of someone who has lost a lot within a short amount of time
elderly person losing friends, husband, independent function, possessions, pets |
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resolution of grief
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when the person remember the loss and accept both the pleasures and disappointments of the association. Preoccupation with the lost entity has been replaced with energy and desire to pursue new situations and relationships.
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milieu therapy
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scientific structuring of th environment to effect behavioral change and to improve the psychological health and functioning of the individual
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therapeutic community
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care in inpatient facilities is shorter so this is a focus on making every interaction therapeutic.
Everything that happens to the client or within the environment is part of the treatment. |
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goal of milieu therapy
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client to learn adaptive coping, interaction, and relationship skills that can be generalized to their own life
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conditions that promote a therapeutic community
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Basic physiological needs are fulfilled.
The physical facilities are conductive to achievement of the goals of therapy. A democratic form of self-government exists. Responsibilities are assigned according to client capabilities. A structured program of social and work-related activities is scheduled as part of the treatment program. Community and family are included in the program of therapy in an effort to facilitate discharge from treatment |
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basic assumptions about Milieu therapy
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The health in each individual is to be realized and encouraged to grow.
Every interaction is an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. The client owns his or her own environment. Each client owns his or her own behavior. Peer pressure is a useful and powerful tool. Inappropriate behaviors are dealt with as they occur. Restrictions and punishment are to be avoided. |
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delirium
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mental state with a disturbance of cognition manifested by confusion, excitement, disorientation, and a clouding of consciousness. Hallucinations and illusions are common.
Develops rapidly over a short period of time. Reversible. re-orientation is appropriate. primary goal is to determine cause |
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dementia
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loss of previous levels of cognitive, executive, and memory function in a state of full alertness
Reorientation not appropriate. Determining cause is not as important. If it is Alzheimer's then anticholinesterase meds can be used |
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primary dementia
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like Alzheimer's in which the dementia itself is the major sign of brain disease
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secondary dementia
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caused or related to another illness, like HIV or cerebral trauma
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aphasia
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not speaking at all
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apraxia
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inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function
ataxia is one type...which largely involves gait |
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confabulation
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creating imaginary events to fill in memory gaps
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sundowning
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dementia symptoms worsen in afternoon and evening
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emotional lability
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a fluctuation of emotions more marked and intense than the existing circumstances might be expected to produce
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dysarthria
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difficulty articulating words
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pseudodemntia
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depression in elderly. mimics dementia but
progression is more rapid memory is more like forgetfulness, no confabulation oriented to time and place, no wandering gets better as the day progresses appetite diminished attention and concentration intact |
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ataxia
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ymptom consisting of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
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apraxia
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Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements. It is a disorder of motor planning which may be acquired or developmental, but may not be caused by incoordination, sensory loss, or failure to comprehend simple commands
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ideas of reference
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Persons with ideas of reference may experience:
A feeling that people on television or radio are talking about or talking directly to them Believing that headlines or stories in newspapers are written especially for them Having the experience that people (often strangers) drop hints or say things about them behind their back Believing that events (even world events) have been deliberately contrived for them, or have special personal significance for them Seeing objects or events as being set up deliberately to convey a special or particular meaning Thinking persons or groups of persons are plotting against them and that precautions must be taken to avert the threat |
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alogia
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poverty of speech...a lack of unprompted speech...one-two word answers
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avolition
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general lack of desire, drive, or motivation to pursue meaningful goals
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four main "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia
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flat affect, alogia, and anhedonia, avolition
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anhedonia
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inability to experience pleasure from normally pleasurable life events such as eating, exercise, social interaction or sexual activities.
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erotomanic delusion
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believes someone usually of higher status is in love with them
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grandiose delusion
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irrational ideas regarding their own self worth, talent, knowledge, or power. May believe they have a special relationship with a famous person or they may assume the identity of that person
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jealous delusions
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center around the idea that the person's sexual partner is unfaithful without evidence
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persecutory deluison
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most common. believes that they are being malevolently treated, conspired against, drugged, poisoned etc.
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Somatic delusions
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believe they have a physical defect, disorder, or disease.
ie, foul odors, insects, parasites, mishapen body parts, dysfunctional parts. |
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