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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In the absence of oxygen gas, NADH dumps its electrons onto a pyruvate resulting in what molecule?
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Lactate or lactic acid
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Plants must have carbon dioxide to make sugar. What is one stage of respiration that releases CO2?
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Pyruvate Oxidation
or Citric Acid (Kreb's) Cycle |
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Where do protons get pumped during the Electron Transport Chain of cell respiration?
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Intermembrane Space
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A process with the sole purpose of regenerating NAD+ is called...
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Fermentation
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The presence of which molecule determines whether pyruvate enters the mitochondrion?
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Oxygen
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During pyruvate oxidation what molecule is formed that enters the Citric Acid Cycle?
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Acetyl-CoA
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A molecule that gains an electron is said to be...
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Reduced
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Cell respiration is the oxidation of glucose. Those electrons will eventually end up as a part of what molecule?
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Water
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Some plants prevent photorespiration by storing Carbon dioxide in a separate sell. These plants are..
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C4 plants
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Molecules that absorb light energy are called...
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Pigments
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What main color of light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?
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Green
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Photosystem II produces what?
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ATP
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Light energy from photons is channeled to a specific region of the photosystems containing two chlorophyll molecules called...
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Reaction center
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The molecules that carry electrons during photosynthesis in their oxidized state are called...
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NADP+
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Plants have the organelles involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Name both.
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Mitochondria, Chloroplasts
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The stage of photosynthesis that does not require light takes place where?
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Stroma
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The stomata of these plants remains closed during the day and opens at night to take in CO2
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CAM
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Carbon Fixation occurs via an enzyme called..
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Rubisco
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How many carbon dioxides need to enter the Calvin Cycle to make one glucose?
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6
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Chlorophyll a absorbs light at 430nm and 670nm. Where does it get more energy?
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430nm
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Cyclic electron flow occurs in photosystem I and produces only...
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ATP
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The electrons that end up on NADPH during the light reactions originally come from...
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Water
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The two byproducts of cell respiration are the same as the reactants of photosynthesis. Name them.
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CO2 and H20
Carbon dioxide and Water |
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Building a protein is what type of metabolism?
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Anabolism
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Breaking the peptide bonds between amino acids
would be what type of metabolism? |
Catabolism
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What happens to an enzyme when the temperature
gets raised too high? |
Denatures
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Spontaneous reactions release energy. This type of reaction is...
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Exergonic
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State the first law of thermodynamics
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed
or Energy is constant |
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The second law of thermodynamics usually
presents itself in the form of… |
Heat
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What kind of molecule overcomes the activation
energy needed for a reaction to occur? |
Enzyme
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A skittle represents what kind of energy?
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Potential
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The type of work that involves breaking or forming bonds is...
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Chemical
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Free energy is potential energy. If the reactants of
a reaction have more free energy than the products is energy released or consumed? |
Released
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ATP is most similar to which group of
macromolecules? |
Nucleic Acids
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When the energy of ATP is consumed it results in a molecule of...
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ADP
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Enzymes act upon a substrate in a specific region called the...
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Active Site
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Sometimes enzymes will not function properly
without the addition of a second molecule called.. |
Coenzyme, Cofactor, Prosthetic Group
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Enzymes change shape to better fit their substrate.
This process is known as |
Induced Fit
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Where does glycolysis occur?
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Cytoplasm
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How much ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation during respiration?
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4 ATP
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During respiration all of the carbon in glucose will end up as...
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Carbon dioxide
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The inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane are called...
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Cristae
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A proton motive force is generated during which stage of respiration?
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Oxidative phosphorylation or Electron Transport Chain
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The product of glycolysis that has the most remaining potential energy is...
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Pyruvate
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In Glycolysis, how many net ATP are produced?
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There is a net of 2 ATP produced. Four are produced but two are consumed to initiate the process.
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What a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes..
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Oxidized
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When a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes...
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Reduced
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In glycolysis, what is the compound that will have its electrons taken from it (donates the electrons)
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Glucose
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What is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in Glycolysis?
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NAD+
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Once NAD+ (electron acceptor) gains electrons, it is reduced to a compound called...
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NADH
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After glycolysis, where is pyruvate oxidized? What happens if oxygen is not present?
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Oxygen present: Mitochondrial Matrix
If oxygen isn't present: pyruvate will be fermented and will remain in the cytoplasm. |
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In an organism that uses aerobic cellular respiration, what is the 'final electron acceptor' that collects electrons after passing through the electron transport chain (ETC)?
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Oxygen
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If one molecule of glucose is oxidized in glycolysis, how many times will the Citric Acid Cycle go around?
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2
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The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme?
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Acetyl CoA
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A catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP. This is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic cells and many prokaryotic organisms.
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Aerobic Respiration
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The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP.
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Cellular Respiration
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An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP, is called what?
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chemiosmosis
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The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.
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Calvin Cycle
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A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or O2.
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cyclic electron flow
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A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output. Photorespiration generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and the O2/CO2 ratio in the leaf increases, favoring the binding of O2 rather than CO2 by rubisco.
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photorespiration
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