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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the major groups of microorganisms
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bacteria, archae, algae, helminths, fungi, and viruses
*mnemomic device* All Boys Find Help Pronouncing Viruses |
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What are the impact of microbes on the earth?
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photosynthesis, decomposition, biotechnology, genetic engineering, recombinant DNA, bioremediation
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What are pathogens
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Any virus, bacterium or other agent that causes disease
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What are emerging diseases?
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An emerging disease is one that has appeared in a population for the first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range
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What are procaryotic cells?
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Cells that lack a true, membrane-enclosed nucleus; bacteria are procaryotic and have their genetic material located in a nucleoid.
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What are eucaryotic cells?
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Cells that have a membrane-delimited nucleus and differ in many other ways from procaryotic cells; protists, algae, fungi, plants, and animals are all eucaryotic.
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What are viruses?
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An infectious agent having a simple acellular organization with a protein coat and a single type of nucleic acid, lacking independent metabolism, and reproducing only within living host cells.
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What are parasites?
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An organism that lives on or within another organism (the host) and benefits from the association while harming its host. Often the parasite obtains nutrients from the host.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
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First Microscope
father of microbiology (textile merchant discovered "animacules") |
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Robert Hooke
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discovered cells
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Phillip Semmelweis
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Demonstrated importance of handwashing
"childbed fever" rates ↓ with handwashing |
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Leuis Pasteur
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Germ theory of disease
vaccine for rabies |
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Joseph Lister
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First person to perform surgery under antiseptic tecnniques
Used carbolic acid (phenol) to clean equipment and swabbed on wounds |
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Robert Koch
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Cultivated anthrax to prove that bacteria caused disease
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Koch's Postulates
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1. Microbes observed in sick animal
2. Cultivated in lab 3. Microbes injected in healthy animal 4. Animal develops the diseas 5. Microbes observed in sick animal. 6. Reisolated in lab |
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Alexander Fleming
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bacteriologist who discovered penicllin
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Selman Walksman
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Father of antibiotics
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Biotechnology
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Microorganisms are used as living factories to produce pharmaceuticals that otherwise could not be manufactured.
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Taxonomy
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Naming, Classifying, and Identifying Microorganisms
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Carolus Linnaeus
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Swedish scientist that developed system of taxonomy
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What is binomial nomenclature?
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Part of Taxonomy
Scientific name is a combination of 2 terms - Genus and Species (last two categories of taxonomy) *Genus capitalized *Species lowercase |
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What are the classification CATEGORIES of taxonomy?
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7 categories
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species *mnemonic device* - Keep Plates Clean Or Family Gets Sick |
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What are the five KINGDOMS of taxonomy?
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Monera
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia *mnemonic device* - Mona Protested Fungus on Plants and Animals |
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Kingdom Monera
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Unicellular and colonial
includes bacteria & cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Procaryotic w/out nucleus |
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Kingdom Protista
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Unicellular & multicellular
Protozoins &multicellular algae Euecaryotic w/ nucleus |
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Kingdom Fungi
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Haploid and dikaryotic cells, multicellular, generally heterotrophic, without cilia
Eucaryotic w/ nuclei |
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Kindgom Plantae
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Haplo-diploid life cycles, mostly autotrohphic, retaining embryo within female sex organ on parent plant
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Kingdom Animalia
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Multicellular animals without cell walls and without photosynthetic pigments, forming diploid blastula
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Three Domain System
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Woese - Fox System
3 domains from 3 distinct cell lines Archaea - (Arachaebacteria Kingdom) Bacteria - (Eubacteria Kingdom) Eukarya - (Subdivided into Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animals Kingdoms) |