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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Epidermis
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Thin outer layer of skin
Coated with keratin |
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Dermis
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Thick outer layer of skin
Provides a strong protective barrier against microbes |
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Antimicrobial Properties of Skin/Eyes
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Sebacious glands (sebum/ 1st defense)
Sweat glands (salt/2nd defense) Mucous membranes (lysozyme) Tears (contain lysozyme) Sloughing of skin (3rd line of defense) |
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Normal Microflora of Eyes
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NONE!
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Sebaceous Glands
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Excrete acidic sebum to inhibit microbial growth on skin
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Sweat Glands
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secrete organic compounds and salt to reduce skin pH and inhibit microorganisms
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Skin mucous membranes
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lines organs and epidermis
secretes mucous made of glycoproteins and lysozyme serves as a barrier to microbes |
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Common Microflora of Skin
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Staphylococcus aureus (cause infection when enter follicle)
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Group A Streptococci
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"Flesh eating bacteria"
Express toxins that cause cytotoxicity and necrosis Treatment: antibiotics ineffective/ heavy debridement required |
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Pyodermas
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Aka Impetigo
Cause; staphylococci/streptococci/ corynebacteria singly or in combination Symptoms: contagious lesions occurring primarily in children Treatment: Penicillin |
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Acne
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Cause: excess secretion of sebum causes inflammation (Propionbacterium acnes)
Treatment: oral antibiotics/ sebum inhibiting drugs (Accutane) |
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Burn infections
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Cause: often Pseudomonas aeruginosa (nosocomial); Serratia marcescens
develops beneath escharred skin Treatment: debridement |
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Exanthema
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Skin rash
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Rubella
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Aka German Measles
Cause: togavirus Symptoms: Exanthema Can cause congenital birth defects if attained during pregnancy Dx: Several lab tests Prevention: MMR vaccine |
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Measles
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Cause: rubeola virus
Symptoms: Koplik's spots (white spots appearing on upper lip or cheek), rash, febrile, seizures Can progress to encephalitis or Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) |
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Smallpox
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High mortality rate before vaccine invented
Prevented with attenuated vaccine or exposure to cowpox |
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Cause: pox virus
Symptoms: cells divide rapidly (tumorlike) Treatment: destruction of infected tissue (freezing or chemically) |
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Warts
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Cause: HPV
Symptoms: pus filled lesions Associated with cervical cancer in women Treatment: No cure; cryotherapy; vaccine available for some strains |
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Cryotherapy
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Freezing of skin to kill
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Ringworm
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Cause: dermatophytes (Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Truchophyton) invade keratinized tissue causing dermamycoses
Symtoms: contagious rash Treatment: antifungal topicals |
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Tinea Cruris
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jock itch
form of ringworm |
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Tinea capitis
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scalp ringworm
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Tinea pedis
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Aka Athletes foot
Causes:form of ringworm where hyphae invade cells between toes Symptoms: dry, scaly lesions |
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Sporotrichosis
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Subcutaneous fungal infection
Cause: Sporothrix schenckil from plants Symptoms: lesions around surface wounds that ulcerate and spread |
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Blastomycosis
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Subcutaneous fungal infection
Cause: Blastomyces dermatidis from soils Symtoms:pus forming skin lesions |
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Thrush
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Cause: fungus Candida albicans
Symptoms: halitosis, oral lesions, discolored tongue |
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Apergillosis
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Aka Farmer's Lung Disease
Cause: fungus Aspergillus fumitgatus from decaying vegetation Symptoms: can cause severe pneumonia in immunosupressed |
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Bacterial conjunctivitis
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Aka pinkeye
Cause: staphylococcus aureus, neisseria gonorrhea, pseudomonas, Haemophilus influenzae |
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Gas Gangrene
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Cause: Multiple Clostridium spores in deep wounds/infections
Spores germinate in anaerobic conditions and express toxins Symptoms: snap, crackle, pop sound in wounds Treatment: wound cleaning |
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Cat Scratch Fever
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Cause: Afipia felis or Bartonella henselae
Symptoms: lesions, fever, headache Treatment: some require antibiotics |
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Rat Bite Fever
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Cause: Streptobacillus monliformis in unsanitary conditions
Symptoms: lesions on palms and soles Treatment: antibiotics; fatal if untreated |
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Scabies
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Cause: Sarcoptes sabiei
Transmitted thru close contact/sex Symptoms: widespread lesions |
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Pediculosis
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aka Lice
Cause: Pediculus humanus lice attach to hair, clothes, skin Crab Lice: Phthirus pubis |
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Skin Diseases caused by Staphylococcus
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Folliculitis
Scalded Skin Syndrome |
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Skin Diseases Caused by Streptococcus
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Scarlet fever
Erysipelas |
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Fungal Skin Diseases
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Sporotrichosis
Blastomycosis Candiasis Aspergillosis Zygomycosis |
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Candiasis
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Aka Moniliasis
Cause: Yeast infection by Candidia albicans Symptoms: appear as thrush or vaginitis |
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Crepitant Tissue
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Distorted tissue caused by gas bubbles in gas gangrene
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Erysipelas
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Aka St. Anthony's Fire
Cause: hemolytic streptococci that spreads through lymph Can result in septicemia |
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Keratin
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water proofing protein in epithelial cells
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Scabies
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Cause: itch mite Sarcoptes
scabiei |
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Koplik's spots
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Measles symptom identified white spots appearing on upper lip or cheek
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