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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are termed
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communicable
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The fraction of a population who die from a specific disease is called
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mortality rate
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Diseases constantly present in a population are called
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endemic
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An epidemic that spreads worldwide is called a(n)
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pandemic
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A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n)
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outbreak
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Apparently healthy people who may transmit a pathogen they harbor are called
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carriers
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A dramatic increase in the incidence of a specific disease in a given population is referred to as a(n)
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epidemic
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Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called
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zoonotic
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The single most important measure to prevent the spread of disease is
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hand washing
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Inanimater objects capable of transferring infectious disease agents are
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fomites
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The amount of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the
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dose
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The period of time betweeen exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the
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incubation period
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The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their
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genetic background
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An infection acquired during hospitalization is referred to as
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nosocomial
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The member of the hospital staff who surveys the types and numbers of nosocomial infections is called the
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infection control practitioner
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The guidelines used to minimize patient-to-personnel transfer of blood borne diseases are called
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Universal Precautions
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True or False Generally the smaller the infective dose the lower the chance of disease
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True
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True or False The very young and the elderly are more susceptible to infectious disease.
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True
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True or False Diseases with long incubation periods are more likely to spread extensively
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True
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True or False. A fly may serve as a mechanical vector.
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True
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True or False. The portal of entry typically has little effect on the course of the disease
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False
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Penicillin was discovered by
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Fleming
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The toxicity of a given drug is expressed as the
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therapeutic index
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Drugs that are bacteriostatic
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Inhibit the growth of bacteria
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Antimicrobials that kill microorganisms have the suffix
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-cidal
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The rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its
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half life
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When drugs that are more effective when taken together are called
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synergistic
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If drugs are less effective when taken together than when each is taken separately, they are called
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antagonistic
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Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?
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Mycoplasma
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All members of the penicillin family have
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beta-lactam rings
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Beta-lactamases
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break the beta-lactam ring
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Sulfonamides are similar in structure to
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PABA
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Sulfonamides work as
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competitive inhibitors
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The lowest concentration of a drub that prevents growth of a microorganism is the
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minimum inhibitory concentration
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The minimum bactericidal concentration is the lowest concentration of a specific antimicrobial drug that kills _______ of a specific bacteria
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99.9%
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The surface layer of the skin is the
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epidermis
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The oily secretion that lubricates the hair follicles of the skin is
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sebum
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Which of the following normal skin flora is a small yeast?
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Malassezia spp.
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The growth of P. acnes within hair follicles, in many individuals, leads to
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acne
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Which is deemed the most serious staphylococcal skin infection?
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carbuncles
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The S. aureus product that causes scalded skin syndrome is/are
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exfoliative toxin
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In addition to S. aureus, impetigo may also involve
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S. pyogenes
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The major vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the western U.S. is
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Rickettsia rickettsi
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The causative agent of Lyme disease is
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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The unique characteristic of Lyme disease is
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erythema migrans
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The stage of Lyme disease that is characterized by arthritis is the
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third
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The most important vector of Lyme disease in the eastern U.S. is
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Ixodes scapularis
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Which of the following pertains to Borrelia burgdorferi?
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spirochete
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The varicella virus is a member of which virus family?
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herpes
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Reactivation of chickenpox is called
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shingles and herpes zoster A&B
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Rubella, rubeola and varicella-zoster are all only acquired via
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the respiratory route
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An important diagnostic sign of measles is
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Koplik's spots
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The MMR vaccine is used to protect against
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measles, mumps, rubella
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Warts are caused by
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Papilloma virus
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The cause of strep throat is
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Streptococcus pyogenes - beta hemolytic, group A
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A bacteriophage is necessary for toxin production in
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C. diptheriae
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Which of the following are considered diseases of the lower respiratory tract?
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tuberculosis and pneumonia
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The characterisitic virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is
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a capsule
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The causative agent of the pneumonia that causes permanent lung damage, may be nosocomial and has a high mortality if untreated is
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K. pneumoniae
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The spread of mycoplasma is through
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inhalation of infected droplets
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The sudden, violent, uncontrollable cough of pertussis is described as
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Paroxymal
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The resistance of the tubercle bacillus to various factors is probably due to its
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cell wall
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The bacterial lung infection acquired by inhalation of aerosols of contaminated water is known as
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Legionnaires' disease
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Two relatively widespread North American lung mycoses are
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coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis.
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The most common infectious disease of humans is
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dental caries
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The principal cause of dental caries is
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S. mutans
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This mineral, typically added to drinking water, makes enamel more resistant to dissolving in acid.
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fluoride
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H. pylori is, in part, able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce
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ammonia from urea
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A painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a(n)
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herpetic whitlow
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Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?
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acyclovir
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The viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is
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mumps
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The diarrhea of cholera has been described as
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a rice water stool
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A common source of cholera infection is
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fecal contaminated material, especially water.
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Most cases of Slamonella gastroenteritis have a(n)
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animal source
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The food products most commonly contaminated with Salmonella strains are
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eggs and poultry
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The animal(s) often associated with Salmonella strains is/are
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turtles, iguanas, baby chickens, ducks. All of the above
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The most notorious typoid carrier was
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Typhoid Mary
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Which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic conditions?
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C. jejuni
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Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by
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rotavirus
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Hepatitis A spreads via
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The fecal-oral route
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The most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States is
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giardiasis
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Most North American outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis have been associated with
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imported leafy vegetables and berries especially raspberries.
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The important source(s) of tapeworm is/are
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Beef, Fish, Pork. A,B,C
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True of False. Sucrose is one of the major contributors to the development of dental caries.
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True
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True or False. Tapeworms are flat and can exceed 10 meters in length
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True
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Pinworm
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Ingesting Ova
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Whipworm
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Skin penetration
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Ascariasis
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Skin Penetration
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Hookworm
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Skin Penetration
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Strongloidiasis
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Skin Penetration
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Trichinosis
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Eating undercood meat
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The chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called
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periodontal disease.
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True or False. Antimicrobials that have a high therapeutic index are less toxic to the patient.
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True
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True or False. Broad spectrum antibiotics have minimal effect on the normal flora.
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False
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Antimicrobials may produce
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Allergic reactions, Toxic effects, Suppression of normal flora. All of the above.
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True or False. Antimicrobial resistance can be due to spontanewous mutation or gene acquisition
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True
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True or False. Viruses are very effectively treated with antibiotics
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False.
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True or False. Diptheroids are responsible for body odor.
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True
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True or False. The skin-invading molds are collectively called termed dermatophytes.
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True
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True or False. Diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses.
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True
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