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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Causative agent of nausea, vomiting (onset < 6 hr) after eating cold cuts, or potato salad, or mayonnaise, or custards
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Staphylococcus aureus
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2. Rapid-onset food poisoning is mediated by what component of staphylococcus
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Enterotoxin
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3. Tx of staphylococcal food poisoning
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Rehydration
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4. Microbial cause of nausea and vomiting, +/- diarrhea (onset < 6 hr) after eating reheated rice
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Bacillus cereus
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5. Bacterial spores are resistant to heat due to what component
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dipicolinic acid core
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6. Microbial cause of nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea w/ rapid (onset >6 hr) after eating reheated meat or gravy
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Clostridium perfringens
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7. Most likely cause of persistent dyspepsia in a pt not receiving NSAIDs is
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Helicobacter pylori
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8. Increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma
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H. pylori colonization
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9. Indications to treat H. pylori-associated PUD
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Presence of organism
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10. Standard first-line abx for PUD due to H. pylori is
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PPI + clarith + amox
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11. Cause of acute onset of diarrhea with rice-water stools, vomiting, dehydration during travel to South America
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Vibrio cholerae
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12. Pathophysiology of cholera is due to what mechanism
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A-B toxin causes ↑ cAMP
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13. Cholera pathogen is isolated from stool by culture on selective medium called
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thiosulfate-citrate-buffered sucrose (TCBS) agar
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14. The comma-shaped cholera organisms are microscopically similar to
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Campylobacter
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15. Tx of cholera involves
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Rehydration (tet in severity)
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16. Secretory diarrhea, fever and vomiting during travel are caused by
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Enterotoxic E. coli
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17. Secretory diarrhea w/ fatty, foul-smelling stools in campers, hikers; also day-care outbreaks is caused by
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Giardia lamblia
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18. Following ingestion of 15-25 cysts, excysted trophozoites adhere at brush border of enterocytes and contribute to malabsorption. TOW
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Giardiasis
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19. Dx of giardiasis is confirmed by
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Stool antigen (+)
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20. Giardiasis is specifically treated with
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Metronidazole
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21. Protracted, secretory diarrhea w/ large fluid loss in AIDS is caused by (clue: acid-fast organisms)
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Cryptosporidium >> Cyclospora > Isospora
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22. Frank bloody diarrhea, after eating undercooked meats or drinking fruits drinks, is caused by prepared foods or water, contaminated w/
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E. coli O157:H7
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23. Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enterocolitis caused by E. coli involves
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Shiga toxin (a cytotoxin)
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24. Complication of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in children
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hemolytic uremic syndrome
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25. Profuse diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and dehydration in infants is caused by
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Rotavirus
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26. Mechanism of rotaviral diarrhea involves
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Villus destruction
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27. Infantile watery diarrhea and fever are caused by
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Adenovirus 40,41
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28. Outbreak of nausea, vomiting, fever in adults is caused by
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Norovirus
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29. Cause of nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea +/- bloody 12-48h after eating eggs or poultry or peanut butter
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Non-typhoidal Salmonella
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30. Abx treatment in acute gastroenteritis due to Salmonella spp. is not warranted to avoid
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carrier (in bile ducts) state
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31. Abx used only to treat septic phase of salmonella gastroenteritis is
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ciprofloxacin
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32. Cause of fevers (>103°), headaches; macular rash on torso (“rose spots”) abdominal pain and little diarrhea later; PE: bradycardia; hepatosplenomegaly (+/-) in a pt with hx of travel (to tropics)
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Salmonella typhi
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33. Cause of diarrhea w/ occult blood, abdominal cramping and fever, 2d after ingestion of poultry-contaminated salad
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Campylobacter jejuni
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34. Abx to treat campylobacter enteritis with high fevers in pregnancy, and HIV is
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Erythromycin
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35. Cause of dysentery-like illness with fever + abdominal cramps, tenesmus + blood & mucus in children
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Shigella sonnei
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36. Dysentery due to invasive Shigella spp. in elderly is treated with
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Ciprofloxacin
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37. Cause of dysentery-like illness (+/- pseudoappendicitis or pseudo-crohn syndrome) in the northern region after eating cheese
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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38. Cause of dysentery-like illness in a patient w/ hx of broad-spectrum abx use
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Clostridium difficile
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39. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is mediated by toxins
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A (enterotoxin) + B (cytotoxin).
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40. Lab confirmation of CDAD does not require stool Cx, but is based on
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EIA for stool toxins A or B
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41. Besides rehydration and cessation of inciting meds, CDAD is treated with
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Metronidazole (mild) or oral vancomycin (severe/relapse)
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42. Health-care associated (nosocomial) spread of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and protracted outbreak is due to
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Fecal-oral and/or contact w/ environmental spores
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43. Hx of abdominal pain, tenesmus, stools with mucus + blood in a patient, who recently traveled to tropics; CBC: eosinophilia. TOW
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Amebic dysentery
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44. Stool microscopy to confirm amebic dysentery should reveal characteristic trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica w/
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endocytosed RBCs(distinction from luminal ameba)
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45. Rx of amebic dysentery involves
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Metronidazole + iodoquinol
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46. Abscesses in liver or peritonitis in travelers w/ or w/o hx of amebic dysentery is confirmed by
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Serology for E. histolytica
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47. A boar hunter develops dysentery after eating meat at campsite; O & P test should reveal a ciliate parasite, known as
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Balantidium coli
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48. Most likely cause of chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea; intestinal obstruction; cholangitis; liver abscess, in children
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Ascaris lumbricides
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49. Ova & Parasite test using microscopy for oval eggs (with a thick coarse shell) in stool confirms
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ascariasis
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50. A child has stomach ache, distended abdomen, poor appetite. “Pearl-colored earthworm”-like organisms in the stool. Major immune response against this infection
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IgE
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51. DOC of ascariasis is
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Mebendazole
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52. Vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, epigastric pain, weight loss in an immigrant from developing country is caused by
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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53. DOC of strongyloidosis is
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Ivermectin
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54. Pt w/ AIDS (low CD4+ counts) develops pulmonary infiltrates (+ eosinophilia) and/or gram negative sepsis. TOW
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Invasive strongyloidosis
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55. Weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness, dyspnea, pruritis; pallor; iron-deficiency anemia; eosinophilia (hx of outdoor activity). TOW
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Hookworm (Necator americanas) infection
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56. Fever, periorbital edema, subconjunctival hemorrhages, muscle weakness, and rash, after eating undercooked pork (Lab: eosinophilia., ↑CPK, ↑LDH &). TOW
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Trichinellosis
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57. Abdominal pain, bloating, altered appetite after ingestion of sushi. CBC: megaloblastic anemia; leukocytosis/eosinophilia. TOW
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Diphyllobothriasis (fish tapeworm)
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58. Dx of tape worm infection is confirmed by
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Proglottids in stool
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59. Tape worm infections are treated with broad-spectrum agent
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Praziquantel
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60. Cause of fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly in an immigrant from Africa or Orient; pt recalls wading in stagnant water. RUQ ultrasound (+); CBC: eosinophilia
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Schistosoma mansoni (Africa) S. japonicum (Far East)
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61. Microscopy of stool in chronic stage of schistosomiasis reveals
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Large eggs with lateral spine.
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62. Chronic stage of schistosomiasis is treated with
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Praziquantel
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63. Patient with acute jaundice is HAV IgM (+); household contact should receive for prophylaxis
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Inactivated HAV vaccine
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64. Patient with jaundice for < 1 week has HBsAg (+), Anti-HBc IgM (+). TOW
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Acute HBV infection
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65. Multiple sex partners, IDU, infants born to infected mothers are risk groups for which hepatitis virus
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HBV
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66. This is an enveloped, double stranded DNA virus w/ ss-break; transmitted by infective body fluids. TOW
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HBV
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67. This asymptomatic man has hep serology profile of HBsAg (-), Anti-HBs (+), Anti-HBc IgG (+), Anti-HBc IgM (-). TOW
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Resolved hepatitis B
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68. This man has jaundice and is HBsAg (+) > 6 months, Anti-HBs (-), HBeAg (+), Anti-HBc IgG (+), HBV DNA > 20,000 IU/ml. TOW
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Chronic active hepatitis B
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69. This man has jaundice and is HBsAg (+) > 6 months, HBeAg (+) and evidence of necroinflammation. He should receive
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Peg-IFNα 2a + lamivudine (or cidofovir)
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70. This man has no jaundice, but HBsAg (+) >6 months, Anti-HBs (-), Anti-HBc IgG (+), HBeAg (-), persistently normal ALT. TOW
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Inactive HBsAg carrier
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71. This man, at the time of annual physical exam, reveals Anti-HBs (+) and other markers are (-). TOW
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HBV immunized
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72. Virologic confirmation of chronic jaundice in a HBV-immunized pt w/ IDU or hemodialysis is based on
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HCV RNA > HCV IgG
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73. More chronicity of HCV (than HBV) is due to immune-evasive quasispecies generated during replication (in blood) of
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error-prone HCV RNA virus
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74. Fulminant hepatitis in a patient, who has multiple sexual partners and is HBsAg (+); HBcIgM (-), can be fatal due to what
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HDV superinfection.
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75. Cause of acute onset of jaundice, nausea, right-upper quadrant pain, hepatomegaly in pregnant women in India
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HEV
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