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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name that lipid! It insulates mammals, helping them retain body heat. |
Triglyceride |
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Phospholipids are |
Amphipathic |
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What is amphipathic? |
A molecule that is both polar (water-soluble) and nonpolar (not water-soluble). |
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Name that lipid! This kind of lipid helps to protect our hearing by trapping dust and other particles. |
Wax |
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Name that lipid! This is the major constituent of plasma membranes. |
Phospholipid |
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Name that lipid! This covers the leaves of some plants to limit water loss. |
Wax |
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Name that lipid! This is a primary long term energy storage molecule in mammal bodies. |
Triglyceride |
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Carbohydrates and lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. If you are given a molecular formula, how could you tell them apart? |
Lipids have roughly twice as many hydrogen as carbon, but relatively little oxygen. |
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What makes a molecule hydrophobic? |
When it has much less O atoms comparing to C and H atoms |
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What properties do all lipids have? |
They are hydrophobic, since they contain very few O atoms compared to C and H atoms. |
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Which of the following are functions for lipids? |
Insulation Water proofing Hormones Help body absorb hydrophobic nutrients Energy storage |
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What kind of fatty acid has one or more carbon-carbon double bond? |
Unsaturated |
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How are these arranged? What kind of fat is this? H | C-C=C-C | c |
This is a trans fat
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This kind of fatty acid has no carbon-carbon double bonds between carbons: |
Saturated fat |
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All fatty acids contain what functional group? |
Carboxyl |
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What is this? |
Wax |
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When you look at a molecular formula, how do we know if it's a lipid?
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All lipids will have lots of C and H but they will have very few O. This means they are hydrophobic |
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What are the functions of lipds? |
1. High density energy storage 2. Absorbs fat soluble nutrients. |
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What type of vitamins do lipids absorb? What do these vitamins have in common? |
Vitamins A, D, & E they are all hydrophobic |
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What other functions do lipids have other than energy storage and absorption? |
1. Cushion for certain organs like eyes and kidneys
2. Insulation for animals that live in cold environments. 3. Building blocks of biological membranes 4. Some hormnes |
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What type of hormones are made out of lipids? |
Testostorone, Cholesterol, and Estrogen |
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What is the purpose of cholesterol? |
Gives support to animal cell membrane, acts as a molecule for synthesis of other steroids |
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What is aldosterone |
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands and regulates salt balance |
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What are fats and oils made out of? |
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
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What is glycerol? |
3-carbon molecule that has 3 hydroxyl groups |
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Why is fatty acid hydrophobic and acidic? |
The carboxyl group makes the molecule acidic, and the carbon/hydrogen group makes it non-polar therefore hydrophobic |
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What are triglycerides made out of? |
Fatty acids and glycerol |
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Unsaturated fats have double/single bonds and saturated fats have double/single bonds |
Unsaturated = double bond Saturated = single bond |
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Unsaturated fat is solid/liquid and saturated fat is solid/liquid |
Unsaturated = liquid Saturated = solid |
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What is the difference between a straight chain and a curvy chain of molecules? |
Straight chains stack well, have high density. and are solid. Curvy chains don't stack well have low density, and are liquid. |
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What is hydrogenation? |
The process of turning a liquid fat into a solid fat. Also the process of turning an unsaturated fat to a saturated fat. |
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When looking at the shape of a fatty molecule chain, how can you tell which is a trans fat? |
The straight chains are usually trans fat while the curvy are not. |
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Solid fat comes from veggie oil/animal fat and liquid fat comes from veggie oil/animal fat. |
Solid fat is animal fat and is saturated. Liquid oil comes from veggie oil and is unsaturated. |
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How do we use the hydrogenation process on an industrial scale? |
We use the hydrogenation process to make margarine. |