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55 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Acidic solution |
A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral) |
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Alkaline solution |
A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral) |
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Alkalis |
Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts. |
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Alkanolamines |
Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. |
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Alpha hydroxy acids |
Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin. |
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Ammonia |
Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen. |
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Anion |
An ion with a negative electrical charge. |
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Atoms |
The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element. |
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Cation |
An ion with a positive electrical charge. |
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Chemical change |
A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance. |
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Chemical properties |
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change. |
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Chemistry |
Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions. |
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Combustion |
Rapid oxidatin of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light. |
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Compound molecules |
Also knwon as compunds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions. |
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Element |
The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of indentity. |
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Element molecule |
Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions. |
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Emulsifier |
An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into uniform and fairly stable blend. |
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Emulsion |
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier. |
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Exothermic reactions |
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat. |
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Glycerin |
Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams. |
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Immincible |
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions. |
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Inorganic chemistry |
The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen. |
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Ion |
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge |
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Ionization |
The separtaion of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions. |
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Lyophilic |
Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving |
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Logarithmic |
Multiples of ten. |
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Matter |
Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight). |
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Miscible |
Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions. |
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Molecule |
A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions. |
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Oil in water imulsion |
Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water. |
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Organic chemistry |
The study of substances that contain the element cabon. |
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Oxidation |
A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide. |
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Oxidation reduction |
Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen) |
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Oxidizing agent |
Substance that releases oxygen. |
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Ph |
The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions. |
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Ph scale |
A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution. |
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Physical change |
A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reactionor the creation of a new substance. |
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Physical mixture |
A physical combination of matter in any proportions. |
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Physical properties |
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemcial change in the substance. |
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Pure substance |
A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions |
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Reducing agent |
A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compund or subtracts oxygen from the compound. |
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Reduction |
The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction. |
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Reduction |
The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction. |
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Reduction reaction |
A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance. |
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Silicones |
Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers. |
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Solute |
The substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
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Solution |
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances. |
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Solvent |
The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution |
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States of matter |
The three diffferent physical forms of matter- solid, liquid, and gas. |
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Surfactants |
A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify. |
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Suspensions |
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid |
Suspension |
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Thioglycide acid |
A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions. |
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Volitile alcohols |
Alcohols that evaporate easily. |
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Volatile organic compounds |
Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile). |
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Water in oil emulsion |
Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil |
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