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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sodium Bicarbonate produces...
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CO2 (belching!) and NaCl
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Calcium Carbonate produces
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CO2 (belching!) and CaCl2
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Magnesium or Aluminum Hydroxide produces...
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No gas.
Al-Cholride or Mg-Chloride. AE: Al: constipation, Mg: Diarrhea |
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TEST QUESTION: What do antacids treat? Do they treat GERD/Reflux?
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Antacids only treat the feeling of heartburn. They are symptomatic drugs (adjunctive therapy) and they CANNOT TREAT GERD/Reflux.
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Maalox, Mylanta, and Riopan all have...
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Al + Mg
Think: MR. M |
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Gaviscon active ingredients
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Mg+Carbonate
Antacid. |
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Tums active ingredients
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Ca+Carbonate. (burb)
Antacid. |
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Rolaids active ingredient
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Aluminum (constipation)
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Histamine 2 Antagonists
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Block H2 receptors.
Fairly Safe! Include: Tagament, Pepcid, Axid, Zantac. Think: ZAPT! |
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H2 Antagonist MOA
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They inhibit H2 receptors on Parietal cells (HCl) on gastric mucosa.
Effective in Nocturnal Acid production. OTC drugs have short half life and smaller dose. AE: Endocrine effects: interferes with CYP450 pathway. Use: Ulcers & Reflux, Stress Ulcer prophylaxis. |
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TEST QUESTION: What class of drugs are effective in treating nocturnal acid production?
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H2 Antagonists
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Tagament
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H2 Antagonist.
Think: zapT! |
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Pepcid
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H2 Antagonist.
Think: zaPt! |
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Axid
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H2 Antagonist.
Think: zApt! |
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Zantac
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H2 Antagonist.
Think: Zapt! |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors Drugs and general MOA?
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Most Potent.
Prevacid, Prilosec, Nexium, Aciphex, Protonix, Kapidex MOA: Administered as inactive prodrugs. Irreversibly inhibit H/K ATPase pumps. Given on Empty Stomach. Short half life but suppress acid for 24 hours. |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors are effective on _____ and ______ acid secretions.
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Fasting and Meal-Stimulated acid secretions.
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Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Decrease B12 levels with prolonged therapy. Increased GI infection risk.
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A serious and major Adverse Effect of Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole/Prilosec)?
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They may decrease the efficacy of Clopidrogrel (Plavix). This can cause CV events (MI or stroke).
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Prokinetic Agents selectivly stimulate...
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Gut motor function.
MOA: Cholinergic Stimulation. |
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Metoclopramide
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Protkinetic Agent.
Dopamine antagonists in the GI tract. It increases esophageal peristaltic amplification. AE: Extra Pyramidal Side Effects |
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Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
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Proton Pump Inhibitor
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Omeprazole (Prilosec)
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Proton Pump Inhibitor: 1st.
Inhibits Clopidogrel (Plavix) |
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Esomeprazole
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Proton Pump Inhibitor.
Rx form of Omeprazole (Prilosec) |
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Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
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Proton Pump Inhibitor
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Pantoprazole (Protonix)
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Proton Pump Inhibitor
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Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex)
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Proton Pump Inhibitor
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Proton Pump Inhibitor Mnemonic
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PEDRO (the) L(ion) -prazole
Pantoprazole (Protonix) Esomeprazole (Nexium) Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex) Rabeprazole (Aciphex) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Lansoprazole (Prevacid) |
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H. Pylori Eradicator
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Fights Ulcers.
Tx: 2 Antibiotics, 1 Acid Reducer. |
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Bulk Forming Laxatives: Place, MOA, AE
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Place: Low-Fiber diets.
MOA: Acts like a fiber sponge to stimulate peristalisis. Patient must drink with 8oz water. AE: Obstruction, Flatulence, Drug interactions. |
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Bulk Forming Laxatives
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Metamucil, Citrucel, FiberCon, Malt Soup Extract
Think: Much Fiber Makes Crap. |
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Metamucil
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Bulk Forming Laxative
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Citrucel
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Bulk Forming Laxative
Think: Much Fiber Makes Crap. |
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FiberCon
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Bulk Forming Laxative
Think: Much Fiber Makes Crap. |
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Malt Soup Extract
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Bulk Forming Laxative
Think: Much Fiber Makes Crap. |
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Stimulant Laxatives: Place, Action, AE.
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Place: acute, non-febril constipation. Increases Peristalsis.
AE: Laxative Dependence. |
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Senna
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Stimulant Laxative
Most common. |
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Saline Laxative: Place and Action
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Used for acute evacuations of GI from poisonings or for surgery. Fluid is pulled into the gut to facilitate movement.
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Sodium Phosphate
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Saline Laxative
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Polyethylene Glycol Solutions
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Saline Laxatives.
Miralax OTC. Also Nulytely, Trilyte, Halflyte. |
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Osmotic Laxative Place and Drugs
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Place: acute evacuation of bowels (constipation or poisoning).
Drugs: Lactulose (most common) and Sorbitol (sugar free candies) |
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Stool Softner
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Place: Relieve Chronic Constipation
Drug: Colace |
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Antiperistaltics Properties
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Based on Opioid Agonists, but have no analgesic or euphoric effects.
Contraindication: Travelers Diarrhea. |
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TEST QUESTION: What opioid adverse effect do Antiperistaltics use?
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Antiperistaltics inhibit GI peristalsis, but lack the analgesic and euphoic effects.
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Antiperistaltic Drugs (2)
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Loperamide (Imodium), Diphenoxylate + Atropine (Lomotil).
AE: Constipation, dry mouth, orhostatsis, dependence. |
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Bismuth Subaliclyate (Pepto Bismol)
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Anti-diarrheal agent.
Coats the GI inhibiting secretions and absorption. AE: Black tongue/stool. AVOID IN KIDS: Rye Syndrome. |
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Adsorbents
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Adsorption of water from the GI tract leading to formed stools. (Stops Diarrhea).
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Phenothiazines
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Antiemetic Agent.
Dopamine Antagonists. SE: Cholinergic Side Effects, EPSE |
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Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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Phenothiazine class of Antiemetic Agent. DA antagonist.
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Serotonin Antagonists
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Antiemetic Agents.
Inhibits serotonin secretion in the vomiting center of the brain. SE: Constipation. Drugs: Ondansetron, Graniseton, Dolasetron. (Sounds like Reindeer). |
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Ondansetron, Granisetron, Dolasetron
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Serotonin Antagonists for Antiemetic effects.
Sounds like Reindeer. Spells DOG |
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Antihistamine/Anticholinergics
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Antiemeitic Agents.
MOA: Inhibit Cholinergic receptors preventing motion sickness. Must be taken before sickness starts. SE: Anti-choinergic Effects. |
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Dramamine
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Antihistamimne/Anticholinergic drug.
Prevent Motion sickness. |
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Scope
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Antihistamimne/Anticholinergic drug.
Prevent Motion sickness. |
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Simethicane
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Anti-Foaming Agent (Gas)
Decreases the surface tension of gas bubbles and combines them into large bubbles to pass more quickly. |