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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Molecular Biology (1)
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The study of life using techniques that reveal its molecular make-up.
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Molecular Genetics (1)
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Genetics as it is viewed at the level of molecules; in particular involving the structure and sequences of the nucleic acids which carry genetic information.
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Human Genome Project (1)
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Government supported project with the goal of determining the complete sequence of the genetic information in humans and other species.
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DNA (1)
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Deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleic acid polymer of which the genes are made. The molecule that stores genetic information.
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Genetically Engineered (1)
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Having a purposeful change in the DNA to provide a desired outcome.
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Bacteria (2)
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Primative, relatively simple, single-celled organisms often used by molecular biologists.
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Prokaryotes (2)
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Lower organisms like bacteria with a primitive type of cell containing a single chromosome and having no nuclear membrane.
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Eukaryotes (2)
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Higher organisms with advanced cells which have more than one chromosome within a compartment called the nucleus.
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Genus (2)
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A group of closely related species.
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Species (2)
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A group of closely related organisms with a relatively recent common ancestor.
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Antibiotics (2)
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Chemical substances that kill bacteria selectively; that is, without killing the patient, too.
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Penicillin (2)
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The most famous antibiotic, is made by a mold called Penicillium, which grows on bread, producing a blue layer of fungas.
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Virus (2)
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Extremely small entity that grows only by infecting another cell.
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Bacteriophage (2)
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Virus that preys on bacteria.
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Immunization (2)
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Process of preparing the immune system for future infection by treating the patient with weak or killed versions of an infectious agent.
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Gregor Mendel (3)
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Discovered the basic laws of genetics by crossing pea plants.
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Gene (3)
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A unit of genetic information.
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Allele (3)
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One particular version of a gene.
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Protein (3)
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A polymer made from amino acids; they make up most of the structures in the cell and also do most of the work.
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Enzyme (3)
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A protein which carries out a chemical reaction.
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Mutation (3)
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An alteration in the genetic information carried by a gene.
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Mutant (3)
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Organism carrying a mutated gene.
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Wild-type (3)
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The original or "natural" version of a gene or organism.
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Null Allele (3)
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Mutant version of a gene which completely lacks any activity.
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Phenotype (3)
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The visible effect of the genotype.
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Genotype (3)
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The total genetic make-up of an organism.
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Epistasis (3)
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When a mutation in one gene masks the effect of alterations in another gene.
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Chromosome (3)
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Structure bearing the genes of a cell and made of a single molecule of DNA.
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Haploid (3)
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Having one copy of each gene.
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Diploid, Triploid and Tetraploid (3)
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Having two, three or four copies of each gene respectively.
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Dominant Allele (3)
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The allele whose properties are expressed as the phenotype.
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Recessive Allele (3)
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The allele whose properties are not observed because they are masked by the dominant allele.
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Homozygous (3)
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Having two identical alleles of the same gene.
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Heterozygous (3)
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Having two different alleles of the same gene.
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Gametes (3)
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Cells specialized for sexual reproduction and which are haploid.
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Somatic Cells (3)
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Cells making up the body and which are usually diploid.
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Meiosis (3)
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Formation of haploid gametes from diploid parent cells.
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Zygote (3)
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Cell formed by union of sperm and egg which develops into a new individual.
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Filial Generations (3)
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Successive generations of descendants from a genetic cross which are numbered F1, F2 etc. to help keep track of them.
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Mendelian Ratios (3)
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Whole number ratios found as a result of a genetic cross.
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Sex-linked (3)
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A gene is sex-linked when it is carried on one of the sex chromosomes.
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Partial Dominance (3)
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When a functional allele only partly masks a defective allele.
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Co-dominance (3)
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When two functional alleles both contribute to the observed properties.
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Linkage (3)
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Two genes are linked when they are on the same DNA moleule (on same chromosome).
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Crossing-Over (3)
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When two different strands of DNA are broken and are then joined to one another.
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Recombination (3)
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Mixing of genetic information from two chromosomes as a result of crossing over.
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Natural Selection (26)
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The evolutionary proces in which the unfit fail to reproduce.
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Acquired Characteristics (26)
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Properties which develop as a result of exercise or effort during your own lifetime.
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Circa 10,000 BC (26)
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Wolves were tamed and mankind's first animal breeding experiments eventually produced the dog.
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Taxomony (25)
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The science of naming and classification.
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Species (25)
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A group of closely related organisms with a relatively recent common ancestor.
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Species (25)
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A group of closely related organisms with a relatively recent common ancestor.
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Genus (plural, Genera) (25)
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Next level of organization up from the species; a goup of related species.
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