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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Motor control |
-study of nature of movement or the ability to regulate/ direct essential movement -old models thought cortex was the highest level and cord was lowest - new models believe there is a greater distribution of control |
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Motor Learning |
-the study of the aquisition or modification of movement -provides guidelines for appropriate use of feedback -prioritizes impact of practice as it relates to skill and movement -focuses on transfer of learning across tasks and environments or practice |
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Three Stage model of learning: |
- cognitive stage - associative stage -autonomous stage |
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cognitive stage of learning |
- high concentration and conscious processing of info. -pt will acquire the goal and begin problem solving -controlled environment is ideal |
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cognitive stage characterized by? |
-Large amount of errors - repetition of effort allows for improvement in strategies -high degree of cognitive work: listening, observing, processing feedback |
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Associative Stage |
- pt able to accomplish goal more independently, and able to determine correct vs incorrect performance easier -avoid excessive external feedback |
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Associative stage characterized by |
-Decreased errors with new skill performance -decreased need for concentration and cognition regarding activity -large amount of practice yields refinement of the motor program surrounding the activity |
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Autonomous stage |
- final stage of learning -pt improves efficiency of activity w/o great need for cognitive control -pt can perform task with interference from variable environment |
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Autonomous stage characterized by |
-automatic response; distraction does not impact activity -mainly error-free regardless of environment -internal feedback or self-assessment should be dominant |
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Types of feedback |
-Intrinsic (inherent) feedback -Extrinsic (augmented) feedback |
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Intrinsic (inherent) feedback |
-all feedback that comes to the person through sensory systems as a result of the movement including visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory inputs |
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Extrinsic (augmented) feedback? - Types? |
info provided while task or movement is in progress or after movement- usually verbal or manual contacts --Knowledge of results --knowledge of performance |
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Knowledge of results |
-extrinsic feedback including terminal feedback regarding the outcome of a movement that has been performed in comparison with the movements goal |
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Knowledge of performance |
extrinsic feedback relating to the actual movement pattern used to achieve goal of movement |
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Types of practice |
-Massed practice -Distributed practice -constant practice -variable practice -Random practice -Blocked practice |
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Massed practice |
practice time is greater than rest time for each trial |
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distributed practice |
rest time equals practice time for each trial |
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Constant practice |
Practice of a given task under a uniform condition |
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Variable practice |
practice of task under differing conditions |
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Random practice |
varying practice amongst different tasks |
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Blocked practice |
consistent practice of a single task |