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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In comparing electron micrographs of a relaxed skeletal muscle fiber and a fully contracted muscle fiber, which would be seen only in the relaxed fiber?
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Z discs
Triads I bands |
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After ACh attaches to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction, the next step is:
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cross bridges attach
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Your ability to lift that heavy couch would be increased by which type of exercise?
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resistance
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Someone who sticks out a thumb to hitch a ride is ____________ the thumb.
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abducting
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Which are ways in which muscle names have been derived?
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attachments, size, function, location
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Which of the following muscles attach to the hip bones?
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rectus abdominis, rectus femoris
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Which of these thigh muscles cause movement at the hip joint?
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rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus
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Which of the following insert on the arm?
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triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi
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What is the major function of muscle?
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contract or shorten to cause movement
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Specifically, what is responsible for the banding pattern seen in skeletal muscle cells?
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arrangement of myofilaments
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Why are the connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscles important?
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protect, reinforce, and strengthen the tissue
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What is the function of tendons?
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tendons attach muscle to bone
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the region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell
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neuromuscular junction
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a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies
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motor unit
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the tense, contracted state of a muscle
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tetanus
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a response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus
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graded response
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chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them
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neurotransmitter
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when a muscle is exercised strenuously for a long time; unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated
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muscle fatigue
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does not use oxygen; glucose is broken down the pyruvic acid, and small amounts of energy are capture in ATP bonds
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anaerobic glycolysis
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occurs in the mitochondria and involves a series of metabolic pathways that use oxygen; glucose is broken down completely to carbon dioxide and water, and some of the energy released as the bonds are broken is capture in bonds of ATP molecules
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aerobic respiration
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How do isotonic and isometric contractions differ?
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isotonic muscle contracts, isometric does not
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Muscle tone keeps muscles healthy. What is muscle tone, and what causes it? What happens to a muscle that loses its tone?
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state of continuous partial contraction of muscles resulting from stimulation from the nervous system; a muscle without tone becomes unable to contract and flaccid
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A skeletal muscle is attached to bones at two points. Name each of these attachment points and indicate which is movable and which is nonmovable.
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Insertion point and origin (immovable end)
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How is a prime mover different from a synergist muscle? How can a prime mover also be considered an antagonist?
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Prime mover is a muscle wiht a major responsibility' synergist helps the primary mover, an antagonist works against the prime mover
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Name the prime mover for chewing.
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masseter
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The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. What are their antagonists?
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trapezius muscle
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Name two muscles that reverse the movement of the deltoid muscle.
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front - pectoralis major
back - latissimus dorsi |
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Name the prime mover of elbow flexion. Name its antagonist.
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bicep brachii
antagonist- triceps brachii |
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What is it about the arrangement of the abdominal muscles that makes them so well suited for their job?
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muscles are stacked so their fibers run in opposite directions
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What action does hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups perform?
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hamstrings extend the hip and flex the knee; quadriceps flex the hip and extend the knee
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What two-bellied muscle makes up the calf region of the leg?
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Calf muscle is made up of the gastrocnemium and planter flexion
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What happens to muscles when they are exercised regularly?
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they enlarge, are healthy, decrease in fat; hypertrophy
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What is the effect of aging on skeletal muscles?
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tissue mass decreases, amount of connective tissue increases, lose strength
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