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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord relay what kind of impulses?
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Sensory Impulses
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Cell bodies in the anterior horn of the spinal cord transmit what kind of impulses?
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Motor Impulses
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The _____ matter surrounding the horns of the spinal cord consists of _____ fibers, which form the _____ and _____ tracts.
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White
Myelinated Ascending Descending |
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A group of axons within the CNS having the same origin, termination, and function, and is often named for its _____ and _____.
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Tract
Origin Termination |
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Axons that run on the same side as their cell bodies of origin are referred to as what?
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Ipsilateral
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Axons of cells that run on the opposite side of their cell bodies of origin are referred to as what?
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Contralateral
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Sensory pathways are _____ systems.
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Ascending
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Motor pathways are _____ systems.
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Descending
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The _____ _____ is where the processing is done and the _____ _____ is the channels of communications between the _____ _____ and the rest of the body.
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Grey matter
White matter Grey matter |
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Bundles of axons each coated with a sheath of myelin.
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White matter
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Masses of the cell bodies and dendrites, each covered with synapses.
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Gray matter
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What structure functions to control complex patterns of voluntary motor behavior?
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Basal Ganglia
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What are the nuclei of the basal ganglia?
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Caudate nucleus
Putamen Globus pallidus Substantia nigra Subthalamic nucleus |
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A large ovoid mass of gray matter that relays all sensory stimuli as they ascend to the cerebral cortex. Output from the cortex can also synapse here.
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Thalamus
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Controls many homeostatic processes, which are often associated with the ANS. Regulates body temp., water balance, appetite, GI activity, sexual activity, sleep, fear and rage.
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Hypothalamus
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The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from where?
What system does this affect? |
Pituitary gland
Endocrine system |
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Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus by a reduction in core temp. will produce _____.
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Shivering
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Functions in the consolidation of memories and in learning
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Hippocampus
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What does damage to the basal ganglia cause?
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Motor abnormalities
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What are some syndromes associated with damage to the nuclei of the basal ganglia?
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Parkinsons
Hemiballismus Huntington's chorea |
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The human forebrain (_____) is made up of a pair of cerebral hemispheres, called the _____, and a group of structures located deep within the cerebrum that make up the _____.
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Prosencephalon
Telencephalon Diencephalon |
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What are the main structures of the hind brain (_____)?
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(Rhombencephalon)
Cerebellum Pons Medulla Oblongata |
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Lies beneath the cerebrum just above the brain stem, and functions in coordinating voluntary muscular activity, maintaining equilibrium, and coordination.
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Cerebellum
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Connects the cerebellum with the cerebrum and links the midbrain to the medulla oblongata;serves as the exit point for the cranial nerves _____, _____, _____.
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Pons
V VI VII |
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Looks like a swollen tip to the spinal cord. Nerve impulses here rhythmically stimulate the _____ muscles and _____, making breathing possible. Also regulates the _____ and the diameter of _____, thus adjusting blood flow.
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Medulla oblongata
Intercostal Diaphragm Heartbeat Arterioles |
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What kind of receptors do neurons that control breathing have?
What kind of drugs bind here which would inhibit respiration? |
Mu receptors
Opiates and Heroin |
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What are the different parts of the brain stem?
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Midbrain
Pons Medulla Oblongata |
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Connects dorsally with the cerebellum and contains large voluntary motor nerve tracts.
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Midbrain (mesencephalon)
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A primitive brain area deep within the temporal lobe. Initiates basic drives like hunger, aggression, emotional feelings and sexual arousal. Also screens all sensory messages traveling to the cerebral cortex.
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Limbic System
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Mass of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
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Corpus callosum
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What are the lobes of the brain named for?
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The cranial bones that overlie them.
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In addition to the functions of the primary areas in each lobe, the vast majority of the cerebral cortex is involved in associative and higher order functioning such as _____, _____, and _____.
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Ideation
Language Thought |
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Contains the primary motor area and influences personality, judgement, abstract reasoning, social behavior, and language expression.
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Frontal lobe
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Controls hearing, language comprehension, storage and recall of memories.
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Temporal lobe
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Interprets and integrates sensation, including pain, temperature, and touch; interprets size, shape, distance, and texture; important for awareness of body shape.
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Parietal lobe
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Functions mainly to interpret visual stimuli.
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Occipital lobe
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