Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is it called when a tooth is fused to the alveolar bone?
What has the tooth lost in order for this to happen? |
Ankylosis
PDL |
|
How is Ankylosis Initiated?
|
Infection or trauma to the PDL
|
|
The excessive formation of cementum around the root of a tooth after the tooth has erupted.
|
Hypercementosis
|
|
How is hypercementosis initiated?
|
Trauma, metabolic dysfunction, or periapical inflammation
|
|
The fusion or growing together of two adjacent teeth at the root through the cementum only.
|
Concrescence
|
|
Supernumary tooth between the maxillary centrals
|
Mesiodens
|
|
How does the max. arch generally compare with the mand. arch?
|
It is slightly longer
|
|
The sum of the M-D diameter of the maxillary teeth is about _____.
|
128 mm
|
|
The sum of the M-D diameter of the mandibular teeth is about _____.
|
126 mm
|
|
In general the primary arch is more _____ than the permanent arch.
|
Circular
|
|
The abnormal or pathologic wearing away of tooth structure by mechanical means.
|
Attrition
|
|
Caused by the use of a hard toothbrush and/or a horizontal brushing stroke and/or a gritty dentrifice.
|
Toothbrush Abrasion
|
|
What features most often occurs from toothbrush abrasion?
|
V-shaped wedges at the cervical margin in the canines and pre-molars
|
|
What is caused by chewing or biting hard foods or objects or chewing tobacco?
|
Occlusal Abrasion
|
|
What features does occlusal abrasion result in?
|
Flattened cusps on all posterior teeth and worn incisal edges.
|
|
The wearing away of enamel and dentin from the normal function or, more commonly, from excessive grinding or gritting together of teeth.
|
Attrition (Bruxism)
|
|
What are the most noticeable effects of attrition?
|
Polished facets
flat incisal edges discolored tooth surface exposed dentin |
|
Where do facets from attrition usually develop?
|
linguoincisal of Max. central incisors
facioincisal of mand. canines linguoincisal of max. canines |
|
The loss of tooth structure from chemical or non-mechanical means
|
Erosion
|
|
What does erosion result from?
|
Drinking acidic liquids or eating acidic foods.
Bulimic individuals do to stomach acids |
|
What surfaces are most affected in erosion?
|
Smooth (esp. Lingual) and occlusal surfaces
|
|
What vitamin deficiency can be involved in cleft lip/ palate/
|
Vitamin B folic acid
|
|
What are the chemical agents capable of causing developmental abnormalities in utero called?
|
Teratogens
|
|
Developmental abnormalities is related to the _____ and _____ of teratogen involvement.
|
Type, Time
|
|
What is the length of time in which the fetus is most sensitive to teratogen attack?
|
First trimester
|
|
What teratogens are associated with cleft lip and palate?
|
Aspirin, valium, dilantin, smoking
|
|
What teratogens are associated with Microcephaly, hydrocephaly, microphthalmia?
|
Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma
|
|
What teratogens are associated with Central mid-face discrepency?
|
Ethyl alcohol
|
|
What teratogens are associated with microphthalmia, cataracts, deafness?
|
Rubella virus
|
|
What teratogens are associated with microcephaly?
|
X-rays
|
|
What teratogens are associated with premature suture closure?
|
Vitamin D excess
|
|
Meaning teeth with different morphologies and function.
|
Heterodont
|
|
To produce two sets of teeth
|
Diphyodont
|
|
Having one set of teeth
|
Monophyodont
|
|
Teeth continually being replaced
|
Polyphyodont (fish, amphibians, reptiles)
|
|
Teeth are all alike
|
Homodont
|
|
Having long teeth
|
Hypsodont
|
|
Developmental abnormality characterized by the total absence of teeth is called what?
|
Anodontia
|
|
What are the two forms of anodontia called/
|
Complete true
Partial anodontia |
|
What are the characteristics of complete true anodontia?
|
Rare
All teeth missing May involve primary and permanent Usu. associated w/ hereditary ectodermal dysplasia |
|
What is another name for Partial anodontia?
|
Congenitally missing teeth
|
|
What are the characteristics of partial anodontia?
|
Common
Teeth affected are: - third molars (max. more than mand.) - Max. lateral incisors - Mand. Second Pre-molars |
|
As a general rule, if only one or a few teeth are missing, the absent tooth will be the most _____ tooth of any given type.
|
Distal (If molar will be third molar)
|
|
Congenital absence of many, but not all teeth
|
Oligiodontia
|
|
Absence of only a few teeth
|
Hypodontia
|
|
What can cause an anterior open bite and overjet, labial flare of max. anterior teeth, and a high palatal vault?
|
Pressure of the thumb against the palate and Max. teeth during growth and development
|
|
Characterized by failure of the teeth in both arches to meet properly.
|
Open Bite
|
|
Where can open bites be observed?
What is it attributed to? |
Anterior or Posterior regions
Supraeruption of adjacent teeth or Infraeruption of teeth in the area in question |
|
What can open bites be caused by besides thumb sucking?
|
Deviant growth patterns or a forward tongue position
|
|
What nationality is open bites more common in?
|
African Americans
|
|
What nationality is deep bites more common in?
|
Caucasions
|
|
What can persistent thumb sucking result in ?
|
Protrusion of Max. incisors
Constriction of Max. arch Lingual inclination of Mand. incisors Rotation of Max. lateral incisors Class II malocclusions |
|
How is mouth breathing typically presented clinically?
|
- Gingiva of facial aspect of Maxillary Anterior is red, edematous and bleeding
- Area is widest in midline and tapers laterally |
|
Someone with hypocalcification has a _____ quantity of enamel and would describe it as _____.
|
Normal, Soft
|
|
Hereditary dental defect in which the enamel of the teeth is soft and undercalcified in context yet normal in quantity.
|
Enamel hypocalcification
|
|
What is enamel hypocalcification caused by?
|
Defective maturation of ameloblasts (defect in mineralization of the formed matrix)
|
|
What are the characteristics of enamel hypocalcification?
|
Teeth are chalky
Surfaces wear down rapidly Yellow-brown stains appear as underlying dentin is exposed |
|
What teeth are affected by enamle hypocalcification?
|
Both deciduous and permanent teeth
|
|
Developmental defect in which the enamel of the teeth is hard in context but thin and deficient in amount.
|
Enamel hypoplasia
|
|
What causes enamel hypoplasia?
|
Defective enamel matrix formation with a deficiency in the cementing substance
|
|
What are the characteristics of enamel hypoplasia?
|
Lack of contact between teeth
Rapid breakdown of occlusal surfaces Yellow-brown stain appears with exposed dentin |
|
What environmental factors can bring about enamel hypoplasia?
|
Vitamin deficiency
Fluorosis Metabolic disturbances during prenatal period (Also genetically transferred) |
|
What is hypoplastic enamel a dental manifestation of?
|
Hypoparathyroidism
|
|
What is the early treatment of hypoparathyroidism and thus hypoplastic enamel?
|
Vitamin D
|
|
The condition which typically causes mottled discoloration and pitting of the enamel of permanent and deciduous teeth and results from excessive, prolonged ingestion of fluoride.
|
Fluorosis
|
|
What surfaces have a trapezoidal outline?
|
Lingual and facial of all teeth
Proximal surfaces of Max. posterior crowns |