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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Assessment findings of a local infection include
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heat, redness, pain/tenderness, swelling, possible drainage (bloody, serous, purulent), abscess (localized collection of pus), cellulitis (involving cellular and connective tissue)
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Assessment findings of a systemic infection include
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fever, malaise, weakness
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Normal WBC count
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5000-10000/mm3
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An increase in the WBC count indicates _______
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presence of disease or injury
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) elevations > 15-20 mm/h indicate _____
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presence of inflammation
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Cultures of suspected infectious sites should be obtained before
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antibiotic therapy
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Culture specimens must be
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carefully collected and identified
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Immediate, short-term, nonspecific response to the side effects of injury
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inflammation
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Caused by pathogenic microorganisms and transmitted by direct contact, droplet spread, contaminated articles, or through carriers
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communicable diseases
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infection acquired in the hospital
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nosocomial
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Nosocomial infections are most commonly caused by
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Staphlococcus aureus
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Infections or infectious diseases is treated with
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appropriate antibiotics
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____ precautions are used with all patients
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standard
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the primary strategy for nosocomial infection control
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standard precautions
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the most important way to reduce transmission of pathogens is
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use of standard precautions
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Standard precautions apply to _____
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blood, all body fluids, secretions, and excretions, except sweat
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incubation time for chickenpox
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13-17 days
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incubation for diphtheria
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2-5 days
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incubation for pertussis
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5-21 days, usually 10
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incubation for rubella
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14-21 days
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incubation for rubeola
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10-20 days
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incubation for scarlet fever
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2-4 days
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incubation for mononucleosis
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4-6 weeks
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incubation for mumps
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14-21 days
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early symptoms of chickenpox include
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slight fever, malaise, and anorexia
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clinical picture of this disease includes a pruritic rash that begins as a macule, then papule, and then vesicle with successive crops of all three stages present at any one time; lymphadenopathy; and elevatied temperature
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chickenpox
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how is chickenpox transmitted
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direct contact, droplet, and contaminated objects
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Patients with chickenpox should be isolated until
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all vesicles are crusted
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chickenpox is communicalbe from ____
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2 days before the rash
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chickenpox should be treated with ______
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tylenol and topical application of calamine lotion or baking soda baths
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early symptoms of diphtheria
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resemble the common cold
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symptoms of diphtheria include
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low-grade fever
hoarseness malaise pharyngeal lymphadenitis characteristic white/gray pharyngeal membrane |
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how is diphtheria transmitted
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direct contact with a carrier
contaminated articles |
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these precautions should be observed when caring for a pt with diphtheria
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contact and droplet
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how long do contact and droplet precautions need to be followed for pts with diphtheria
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until two successive negative nose and throat cultures are obtained
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pts with diphtheria need to be maintained on
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complete bedrest
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the nurse caring for the pt with diphtheria needs to watch for signs of
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respiratory distress and obstruction
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this needs to be provided to pts with diphtheria
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humidification and suctioning as needed
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severe cases of diphtheria can lead to
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sepsis and death
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early symptoms of pertussis include
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upper respiratory infection for 1-2 weeks
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symptoms of pertussis include
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* severe cough with high-pitched "whooping" sound, especially at night, lasting 4-6 weeks
* vomiting |
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how is pertussis transmitted
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direct contact
droplet cntaminated articles |
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pertussis in infants is treated with
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hospitalization
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pertussis is treated with _____
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bedrest and hydration
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complications of pertussis include
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pneumonia
weight loss dehydration heorrhage hernia airway obstruction |
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the nurse caring for the pt with pertussis should maintain
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high humidity and restful environment, suction as needed
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early symptoms of rubella in children
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none
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early symptoms of rubella in adolescents
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low fever and sore throat
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pts with rubella demonstrate
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maculopapular rash appearing first on the face and then on the rest of the body...symptoms subside the first day after the rash
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how is rubella transmitted
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droplet and contaminated articles
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observe ____ precautions in pts with rubella
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contact and droplet
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children with rubella should be isolated from
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potentially pregnant women
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treatment of rubella include
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comfort measures
antipyretics analgesics |
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rare complications of rubella include
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arthritis and encephalitis
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early symptoms of rubeola include
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fever and malaise followed by cough and Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa
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symptosm of rubeola include
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erythematous maculopapular rash with the face first affeted; turns brown after 3 days when symptoms subside
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how is rubeola transmitted
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direct contact
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isolate patients with rubeola until
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the 5th day
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maintain bedrest for pts with rubeola ______
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during the first 3-4 days
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institute _____ precautions for pts with rubeola
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airborne
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treat pts with rubeola with
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antipyretics
dim lights a humidifier for the room keep the skin clean maintain hydration |
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early symptoms for scarlet fever include
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high fever with vomiting, chills, malaise, followed by enlarged tonsils coverd with exudate, strawberry tongue
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strawberry tongue is seen in this disease
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scarlet fever
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describe the rash associated with scarlet fever
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red tiny lesions that become generalized and then desquamate
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rash associated with scarlet fever apears within _____
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24 hours
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how is scarlet fever transmitted
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droplet spread or contaminated articles
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institute these precautions for pts with scarlet fever
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droplet
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droplet precautions in scarlet fever should be maingtained for
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24 hours after starting antibiotics
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the nurse caring for the pt with scarlet fever should ensure
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compliance with oral antibiotic therapy
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the pt with scarlet fever should be maintained on bedrest during ______
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the febrile phase
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treatment of scarlet fever includes
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analgesics for sore throat
encourage fluids soft diet |
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symptoms of mononucleosis include
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malaise
fever enlarged lymph nodes sore throat flulike aches low grade temp |
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the highest incidence of mono occures in this age range
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15-30
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how is mono transmitted
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direct contact with oral secretions
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advise family members of pts with mono to avoid
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contact with saliva (cups/silverware) for 3 months
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treatment of mono includes
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rest and good nutrition
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strenusous exercise in the pt with mono should be avoided to ____
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prevent splenic rupture
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complications of mono include
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encephlitis
spleen rupture |
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syptoms of tonsillitis include
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fever and white exudate on tonsils
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pts with a diagnosis of tonsillitis will have a positive
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group A strep culture
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treatment of tonsillitis includes
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antibiotics
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potential serious complications of tonsillitis include
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rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
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symptoms of mumps include
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malaise
headache fever parotid gland swelling |
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how is mumps transmitted
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direct contact with saliva
droplet |
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pts with mumps will be maintained on ___ precautions
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droplet
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how long will precautions for pts with mumps be maintained
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droplet precautions until 9 days after onset of swelling
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what kind of diet should be provided to the pt with mumps
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soft, bland
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handwashing should be done immediately on contact with
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blood or bodily fluids
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when should handwashing be completed
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* as soon as gloves are removed
* between pt contacts * between procedures or tasks with the same pt |
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clean, non-sterile gloves should be worn when
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touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated articles
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