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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Biology?
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The study of life
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What are the characteristics of life?
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1. Hierarchy of Organization
2. Cells 3. Reproduction 4. Energy Manipulation 5. Interaction with Environment 6. Growth and Development 7. Adaptation and Evolution 8. Movement 9. Water |
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What are the two primary methods in biology?
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1. Discovery-based science
2. Hypothesis-based science |
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What is discovery science based on?
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collect and analysis of data, not hypothesis driven.
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Describe the scientific Method?
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1. Collect and Observe Data
2. Form a hypothesis 3. Design a controlled experiment 4. Analyze Results 5. Draw conclusions |
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What are the different forms of hypothesis?
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1. Question
2. Conditional Statement 3. If...then statement |
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Define Theory.
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Requires much support, hypothesis must be supported repeatedly
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Define Induction.
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gathering together bits of data (observations, previous research),
then formulating a generalization which reasonably explains all of them SPECIFIC to GENERAL |
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Define Deduction.
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begins with a generalization, make predictions based on the
generalization, then challenge GENERAL to SPECIFIC |
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Who is Archbishop Ussher?
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said the earth was formed Oct 22 4004 BC based on biblical reference
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Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
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father of the classification ststem
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Who is Buffon?
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Quietly suggested species change over time.
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Who is Lamarck?
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inheritance of acquired characteristics;
traits passed on through use or disuse |
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What 2 scientist are responsible for the Theory of Natural Selection?
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Darwin and Wallace
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What is the lowest level of organization to have the characteristic of life?
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Cellular
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Darwin's book the origin of species was published in?
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1859
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What was Darwin's job aboard the Beagle?
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ship's naturalist
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Define homologous structures.
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Similar traits inherited from the same ancestor.
A result of Divergent Evolution |
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Define analogous structure
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Similar traits evolved through same functions
Result of convergent evolution. |
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Name the evidence for Natural Selection/
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Vestigial Structures- used to be necessary
Artificial Selection Comparative Anatomy Biochemical Evidence Embryology |
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Describe how evolution operates on individuals and populations
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Natural selection works on individuals, but populations evolve
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Define Microevolution.
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changes in a population's gene pool.
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Define Gene pool.
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all the genes in the entire population.
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Define genetic equilibrium.
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if NO change occurs in gene frequency
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What two factors cause microevolution?
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Mutation
Evolutionary Mechanisms |
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Describe Mutations.
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-unpredictable change in DNA
-only mutation in sex cells are inherited -rare low rate of occurrence -mutations change gene pool increase genetic variation |
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Describe Evolutionary Mechanisms
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alteration of existing variations.
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What are the three modes of Natural Selection/.
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1. Stabilizing
2. Disruptive 3. Directional |
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Describe the founder effect.
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New Habitat, few individuals
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Define Gene flow.
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migration of fertile individuals or transfer of gametes
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Define the Bateman-Trivers theory.
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Sexual selection acts on males more strongly than on females.
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