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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How long before most anti-depressants become effective?
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2-3 weeks, though some may take up to 6 weeks to exert full effect
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Imipramine (tofranil), clomipramine (anafranil), and amitryptaline (elavil) are all antidepressants of this type
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tricyclics
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Tricyclics are particularly effective in treating what type of depressive symptoms, and what other symptoms?
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vegetative depressive symptoms, as well as panic attacks, agoraphobia, and obsessions, chronic pain, binging & purging, and enuresis
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Which antidepressants carry a risk of death if overdosed?
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tricyclics & MAOIs
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Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are among the _____ class of antidepressants?
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SSRIs
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SSRIs are effective in treating what in addition to depression?
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OCD, binge eating, and anxiety disorders.
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SSRIs have a warning label since 2004. Why?
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increased risk of suicidal thinking and bx in children and adolescents.
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What’s the main reason MAOIs aren’t prescribed often?
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side effect of potentially fatal hypertensive crisis when taken with foods containing high levels of the amino acid tyramine
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Effexor (Venlafaxine) and Cymbalta (Duloxetine) are not SSRI’s, rather, they’re ______, and increase the levels of which neurotransmitters at the synapse?
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SSNRIs, serotonin & norepinephrine
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Serzone (nefazadone) and Desyrel (trazadone) are what kind of antidepressant?
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serotonin-2 antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
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Remeron (Mirtazipine) is what kind of antidepressant, and is effective for treating depression accompanied by what?
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tetracyclic, esp effective in treating depression with anxiety or sleep problems, and chronic pain.
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Wellbutrin, Zyban (buproprion) is prescribed for _____, ______, _______
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depression, smoking cessation, and ADHD
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Strattera (atomoxetine) is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) that’s prescribed for ______ as well as _______
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depression as well as ADHD.
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One side effect of lithium is tremor which occurs in about ____% of patients, mostly affecting ______
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35% of pxs, affecting the fingers.
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Too high a dose of lithium can be toxic, leading to symptoms including
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diarrhea, tremor, ataxia, seizures, coma, death.
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Traditional or conventional antipsychotics work by…?
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blocking dopamine receptors
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Thorazine, haldol, mellaril, and prolixin are all examples of
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traditional/conventional antipsychotics
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Conventional antipsychotics are best used in treating?
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positive symptoms of schizophrenia
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Atypical antipsychotics advantages are…
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it treats both positive and negative symptoms and no extrapyramidal side effects, e.g., no tardive dyskinesia.
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Tardive dyskinesia usually shows up at least ___ months after commencing with ______
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6 months, traditional antipsychotics
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One of the most serious (and potentially fatal) side effects of both traditional and atypical antipsychotics is _____?
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NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome) with symptoms including muscle rigidity, high fever, sweating, stupor, unstable blood pressure
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Valium (diazepam), Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), Ativan (lorazepam), and Halcion (triazolam) are all from this class of drugs
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benodiazepines (antianxiety)
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Benzo’s work by
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enhancing activity of GABA
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What’s the fatal danger in benzo’s?
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mixing a benzo with alcohol or some other CNS depressant can be fatal
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Barbituates used to be used to treat ______ but it’s rarer now because _____
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anxiety, they’re addictive and are the drug of choice for suicide (by overdosing). Barbituates + alcohol = REALLY dangerous for lethality
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Beta-blockers are great for _____?
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anxiety, particularly related to public speaking or performance anxiety.
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What meds are used to treat ADHD?
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Psychostimulants including Ritalin (methylphenidate) and Cylert (pemoline)
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What class of antidepressants can have anticholinergic side effects?
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Tricyclics
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Remeron (Mirtazipine)'s side effects
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1) drowsiness
2) weight gain (doesn't have anticholinergic SE's of other anti-depressants b/c of it's unique tetracyclic structure) |