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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Amino acid
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an organic chemical compound composed of one or more basic amino groups & one or more acidic carboxyl groups
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Anabolism
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an energy-using reaction that builds more complex substances
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Anorexia
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lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
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Anorexia nervosa
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a condition of self-imposed fasting or severe self-imposed dieting
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Anthropometry
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the science of measuring the human body as to height, weight, & size of component parts
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Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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the minimum caloric requirement to sustain life in a resting individual
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
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an index of weight in relation to height that is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by square of height in meters
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Bulimia Nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binging & purging
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Carbohydrates
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any of a group of organic compounds, the most important of which are the saccharides, starch, cellulose, & glycogen
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Catabolism
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energy-producing reactions that break down biochemical substances into simpler substances
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Chyme
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acidic, liquefied mass
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Complementary Proteins
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pairs of incomplete proteins that when combined supply the total amount of protein provided by complete protein sources
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Daily Values
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a reference created by the FDA for labeling purposes
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Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
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a set of four nutrient-based reference values used to plan & evaluate diets
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Dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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Enteral Nutrition
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the delivery of nutrients by tube into the gastrointestinal tract
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Enzymes
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protein-like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions
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Essential amino acids
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amino acids that cannot be made by the body
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Fat-soluble vitamins
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vitamins soluble in faty
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Fatty acids
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organic compounds composed of a chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are attached
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Fiber
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the group name for carbohydrates that are not digested in the human gastrointestinal tract
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Gluconeogenesis
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catabolism of amino acids & glycerol into glucose for energy
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Glucogenesis
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anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage
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Glycogenesis
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catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, & water.
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Hypervitaminosis
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an abnormal condition resulting from excessive intake of toxic amounts of one or more vitamins
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Ideal Body Weight (IBW)
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formula to estimate a person’ reasonable weight based on height.
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Ketones
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acidic compounds formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbs are not available.
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Lipid emulsions
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provide supplemental kilocalories & prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies
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Lipid
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group of water-insoluble, energy-yielding organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms
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Macrominerals
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when daily requirement is 100mg or more of a mineral
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Malabsorption
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impaired absorption of nutrients from the GI tract
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Medical nutrition therapy
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the use of specific nutritional therapies to treat illness, injury, or condition.
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Metabolism
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the sum total of all physical & chemical changes that occur in living cells.
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Minerals
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inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions
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Monounsaturated fatty acids
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fatty acids with one double bond
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Nitrogen balance
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when protein synthesis & protein breakdown occur at the same rate.
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Nutrient density
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amino acids the body can make
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Nonessential amino acids
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relatively high in nutrients for the amount of calories provided.
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Parenteral nutrition (PN)
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are the elements necessary for body processes & function
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peristalsis
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the delivery of nutrients by vein
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids
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wavelike muscular contractions that move food thru the intestinal tract.
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Resting energy expenditure (REE)
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fatty acids with two or more double carbon bonds.
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Saccharide
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the calories expended maintaining basic, involuntary activities needed to sustain life
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Saturated fatty acids
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sugar molecule
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Simple carbohydrates
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each carbon in the chain has two attached hydrogen atoms.
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