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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nonreassuring fetal status during labor occurs in approximately what percent of pregnancies?
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5 - 10%
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Which of the following is NOT a criterion suggestive of fetal asphyxia
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Heart rate acceleration NOT criterion for fetal asphyxia (criterion suggestive of fetal asphyxia: metabolic or mixed acidemia, persistent Apgar scores of 3 or below, and evidence of neonatal neurologic sequele)
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If a fetus experiences progressive and sustained hypoxia, the mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis that may ensue typically results from
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anaerobic glycolysis
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The 1-minute Apgar for a newborn with a heart rate of less than 100, slow respiratory rate, flaccid muscle tone, a grimace, and blue color is
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3
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The 1-minute Apgar for a newborn with a heart rate of more than 100, good respiratory effort, active muscular activity, a good grimace, and pink color is
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9
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Intermittent fetal heart rate auscultation to monitor fetal well-being should be employed at least how often during the active phase of labor?
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Every 15 minutes
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Intermittent fetal heart rate auscultation to monitor fetal well-being should be employed at least how often in the second stage of labor?
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Every 5 minutes
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Baseline fetal tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than how many beats per minute?
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160
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The common cause of fetal tachycardia is
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maternal hyperthermia
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Baseline fetal bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of less than how many beats per minute?
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120
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A sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern is frequently associated with
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Rh isoimmunization
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Fetal arrhythmias are seen in what percent of monitored labors?
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Less than 1%
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During fetal sleep, the fetal heart rate variability is
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decreased
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Which of the following was considered characteristic of the old term shortterm variability?
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all of the above (variation in amplitude seen on a beat-to-beat basis, amplitude of 3 to 8 bpm, normally encountered after approximately 28 weeks' gestation)
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The term "long-term fetal heart rate variability" was associated with an amplitude of
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5 to 16 bpm
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Accelerations of the fetal heart rate (FHR) are defined as an increase in the FHR above the baseline of at least how many bpm, usually of 15- to 20-second duration?
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15 bpm
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Accelerations of the FHR are associated with an intact fetal mechanism that is
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unstressed by hypoxia and acidemia
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If an observed FHR pattern is a mixture of two more patterns and variations of baseline values, it is usually prudent to manage the obstetric situation based on
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the most substantially nonreassuring pattern
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Fetal tachycardia is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
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maternal treatment with beta-blockers - not associated with fetal tachy (fetal tachycardia is associated with maternal fever and infection, fetal immaturity, and fetal hypoxia)
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Which of the following is a cause of fetal tachycardia?
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all of the above (maternal thyrotoxicosis, fetal anemia, and fetal infection)
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All of the following are associated with fetal bradycardia EXCEPT
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maternal treatment with atropine - not related to fetal brady (fetal bradycardia is associated with maternal tx with beta-blockers, fetal anoxia, and fetal congenital heart block)
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Early FHR decelerations are associated with
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pressure on the fetal head
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Variable FHR decelerations are associated with
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umbilical cord compressions
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Late FHR decelerations are associated with
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uteroplacental insufficiency
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The presence of persistent late decelerations and decreased beat-to-beat variability should lead to which of the following?
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Direct measurement of fetal acid-base status
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Which of the following best describes a late FHR deceleration?
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Deceleration starts after uterine contraction begins, reaches nadir after peak of uterine contraction, resolves to baseline after uterine contraction is over
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Repetitive late FHR decelerations are considered particularly ominous with respect to fetal well-being if associated with
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decreased FHR variability
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In the face of evidence of intrauterine fetal compromise, which drug may relax uterine tone and slow contraction rate?
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Terbutaline
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The single most reliable indicator of fetal status using electronic fetal monitoring is
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variability
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Uteroplacental insufficiency should be suspected in the presence of
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all of the above (maternal hypertension, diabetes mellitus, toxemia)
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A normal fetal scalp blood gas pH is in the range of
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7.25 to 7.40
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Fetal compromise is strongly expected with a scalp pH less than
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7.20
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Which of the following patterns of FHR is most ominous?
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late decelerations with loss of variability
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Transient loss of fetal sino-atrial node function is noted when the FHR falls below
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60
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Which of the following is likely to result from acute intrapartum blood flow disruption?
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Spastic quadriplegia
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What is the association between neonatal encephlopathy and permanet neonatal neurologic impairment?
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They are not always associated
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What is the incidence of neonatal encephalopathy caused by intrapartum hypoxia (absent other coincident preconceptual or antepartum abnormalities)?
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1.6/100,000
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A fetal scalp pH of 7.24 is
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reassuring
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Which of the following medications would be most useful in an attempted intrauterine resuscitation?
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terbutaline
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Which of the following maneuvers is potentially useful in an attempt to resuscitate the fetus in utero?
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change the maternal position to left lateral
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Moderate variability is best characterized by an amplitude range that is
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6 to 25 bpm
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Marked variability is best characterized by an amplitude range that is
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>25 bpm
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Minimal variability is best characterized by an amplitude range that is
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detectable but at 5 bpm or less
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Absent variability is best characterized by an amplitude range that is
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undetectable
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Accelerations are considered to be present at or after 32 weeks of gestation when an acceleration has an acme of
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15 bpm and a duration of >15 seconds but <2 minutes
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Accelerations are considered to be present before 32 weeks of gestation when an acceleration has an acme of
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10 bpm and a duration of >15 seconds but <2 minutes
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Fetal heart decelerations are defined as
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visually apparent and gradual
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Early FHR decelerations are considered
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physiologic and not a cause for concern
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