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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Harmful algal blooms (HAB |
All of the above are correct. |
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Sources of energy for life in the ocean include |
All of the above are correct. |
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The process whereby primary producers use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to manufacture their own food in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems is |
photosynthesis |
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In addition to water and energy, marine primary producers require |
Both a and b are correct. |
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Nutrients include all the following except __________ which is a trace element micronutrient. |
iron |
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When marine life is limited due to the lowest supply of any one of the essential requirements for life, the law of the __________ applies. |
minimum |
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The most deficient resource relative to what is required for life in the ocean is called the __________ factor. |
limiting |
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Living (biotic) components of marine ecosystems consist of all of the following with the exception of __________. |
nutrients |
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Non-living (abiotic) components of marine ecosystems consist of all of the following with the exception of __________. |
consumers, producers, and decomposers |
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Marine ecosystems are made up of __________. |
All the above are correct |
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In a marine ecosystem, producers __________. |
synthesize food from components of the abiotic environment |
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In a marine ecosystem, producers __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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In a marine ecosystem, consumers __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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The following is a major group of phytoplankton: |
All of the above are correct. |
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Which one of the major groups of phytoplankton takes up CO2 for shell formation? |
coccolithophorids |
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Which of the following is not true about coccolithophorids? |
They have properties of both plants and animals. |
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Which of the following statements is not true about dinoflagellates? |
They have shell plates made of either calcium carbonate or silica. |
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Which of the following is true about bacteria? |
All the above are correct. |
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Chemical energy rather than sunlight drives primary production in the darkness of the deep ocean. This process is known as __________. |
chemosynthesis |
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Zooplankton include __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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Which of the following are not zooplankton? |
benthic crabs |
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Decomposers are organisms that __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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A marine food web __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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Each feeding position in a food chain or food web is known as a __________. |
trophic level |
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Ecological efficiency refers to the fraction of __________ that is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level in a food web. |
energy |
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Ecological efficiency in the ocean averages about __________%. |
10 |
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A steady increase in the concentration of persistent toxins as they move from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level in a food web is known as __________. |
bioaccumulation |
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Chemosynthesis is a process __________. |
whereby marine organisms in the absence of sunlight derive energy from substances such as hydrogen sulfide |
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Chemosynthesis __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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All the carbon fixed through photosynthesis in a given unit of time is called __________. |
gross primary production |
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No net primary production occurs __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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All the carbon fixed through new production plus regenerated production is known as __________. |
gross primary productio |
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Primary production in the tropics is relatively low because of ___________. |
lack of nutrients and too much stratification |
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Primary production in the temperate zones is moderate because of __________. |
seasonal variations in sun, nutrients, and stratification |
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Primary production in coastal upwelling zones is high because of __________. |
abundant nutrient supply |
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Primary production in the Arctic Ocean is low because of __________. |
lack of sunlight |
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Production may be increased in high nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the ocean by __________. |
adding micro-nutrients or trace elements such as iron |
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The most numerous organisms in the ocean by far are __________. |
microbes |
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Microbes are very important in the ocean because they __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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Which one of the following reservoirs in the global carbon cycle contains the least amount of CO2? |
atmosphere |
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CO2 outgassing from the ocean occurs __________. |
where cold water from deep in the ocean reaches the surface |
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Marine snow, fecal pellets, and aggregates of dead phytoplankton particles constitute __________. |
particulate organic carbon |
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The "twilight zone" of the ocean __________. |
is located just below the photic zone in the region of the pycnocline |
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If no photosynthesis or physical or biological pump operated in the ocean, the atmospheric CO2 level would be about __________ ppmv. |
1000 |
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If the biological pump operating in the ocean was perfect, the atmospheric CO2 level would be about __________ ppmv. |
100 |
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The high latitude North Atlantic is a major CO2 oceanic sink because of __________. |
surface water sinking to the bottom |
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The equatorial eastern Pacific is a major CO2 oceanic source because of __________. |
upwelled waters subsequently warmed at the sea surface by intense solar radiation |
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The SeaWiFS satellite senses or maps the surface ____________ of the ocean. |
color/chlorophyll |
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Gas hydrates __________. |
All of the above are correct. |
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The physical and biological pumps are oceanic components of the global __________ cycle. |
carbon |