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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
alternation of generations
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life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate chiasmata (singular, chiasma) the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic material is exchanged |
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cohesin
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proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis |
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crossover
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exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism |
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diploid-dominant
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life-cycle type in which the multicellular diploid stage is prevalent |
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fertilization
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union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms |
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gametophyte
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a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes |
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germ cells
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specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm
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haploid-dominant
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life-cycle type in which the multicellular haploid stage is prevalent
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interkinesis
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brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II; also known as interphase II
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life cycle
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the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring
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meiosis
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a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells
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meiosis I
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first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy
level is reduced from diploid to haploid |
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meiosis II
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econd round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells
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recombination nodules
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protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between non-sister chromatids
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reduction division
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nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division
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somatic cell
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all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells spore haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell
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sporophyte
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a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis
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synapsis
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formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I
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synaptonemal complex
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protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover
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tetrad
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two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I
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