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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Periapical Granuloma:
What is another name for it? Decription? |
Chronic Apical Periodontitis.
Chronically inflammed granulation tissue at apex of non-vital tooth. |
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Periapical Granuloma:
Tooth mobility? Painful? Tooth vitality? |
No tooth mobility.
Usually no pain (unless with acute exacerbation). Tooth is non-vital. |
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Periapical Granuloma:
Radiolucent or radioopaque? What is it similar to? |
Apically Radiolucent.
Cannot destinguish radiographically from a periapical cyst. |
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Periapical Granuloma:
Treatment? |
Extraction or root canal.
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Periapical Cyst:
What are two other names for it? |
1. Radicular Cyst
2. Apical Periodontal Cyst |
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Periapical Cyst:
What is a cyst? |
A pathologic cavity lined by epithelium.
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Periapical Cyst:
What is a residual cyst? |
Not synonymous. Cyst that follows extraction.
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Periapical Cyst:
Pain? Tooth mobility? Vital tooth? |
No pain unless acutely exacerbated.
May have mobility of adjacent teeth. Tooth is non-vital (Unlike lateral periodontal cyst). |
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Periapical Cyst:
Similar to what condition radiographically? |
Periapical granuloma (Chronic apical periodontitis).
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Periapical Abscess:
Define. Vital or non-vital? |
Accumulation of acute inflammatory cells at the apex of a non-vital tooth.
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Periapical Abscess:
Acute or chronic? Symptomatic? |
Acute.
Yes...pain, sensitivity, and possible systemic symptoms. |
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Periapical Abscess:
PDL appearance? |
PDL may appear thickened and/or an ill-defined radiolucency.
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Periapical Abscess:
What may it lead to? |
Osteomyelitis
Cellulitis Cutaneous sinus tract Parulis |
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Parulis:
Define. Appearance? |
A mass of subacutely inflamed granulation tissue at the opening of the intraoral sinus tract.
Red (or yellow if pus filled) tumescence, usually on buccal gingiva of children/young adults. |
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Parulis:
Cause? Treatment? |
Usually from the inflammation of a periodontal or apical abscess.
Treatment of the underlying cause usually fixes the parulis. If not, surgical excision. |
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Cellulitis:
Define. |
A diffuse inflammation of soft tissues, not circumscribed or confined, but which in contradistinction to an abscess, tends to spread through tissue spaces and along fascial planes.
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Cellulitis:
What are the 2 most important forms? |
1. Ludwig's angina
2. Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
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Ludwig's angina:
Clinical features? Treatment? |
Swelling in floor of mouth and mandibular area, protrusion of tongue, enlargement of neck, fever, chills.
Maintain airway Antibiotic therapy Surgical drainage |
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Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis:
Clinical features? Treatment? |
Swelling around eye, nose and forehead, protrusion of eyeball, lacrimation, photophobia, V1 and V2 pain, fever, chills. Can lead to brain abscess.
Extraction of tooth. Drainage. High dose antibiotics. Corticosteroids & perhaps anti-coagulants. |
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Osteomyelitis:
Define. |
Acute or chronic inflammatory process in medullary spaces or cortical surfaces of bone that extends away from the initial site of involvement. Usually bacterial.
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Osteomyelitis:
Predispositions? |
Chronic systemic diseases
Immunocompromised status Decreased bone vascularity |
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Osteomyelitis:
Predisposing factors? |
Alcohol & tobacco abuse
IV drug use Diabetes Malaria Anemia Malnutrition Malignancy AIDS Radiation Osteopetrosis Osteitis deformans etc. |
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Acute Osteomyelitis:
Male or Female? Maxilla or Mandible? |
Male
Mandible |
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Acute Osteomyelitis:
Radiographic evidence? Treatment? |
May be unremarkable early on.
Ill-defined radiolucency. Antibiotics and drainage. |
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Chronic Osteomyelitis:
Causes? Clinical features? |
May arise de novo or from acute osteomyelitis.
Swelling, pain, sinus formation, purulent discharge, sequestrum formation, tooth loss or pathologic fracture. |
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Chronic Osteomyelitis:
Radiographs? |
Patchy, ragged, ill-defined radiolucency-->"moth-eaten"
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Chronic Osteomyelitis:
Treatment? |
High dose IV antibiotics.
Surgical intervention. Hyperbaric O2--lost vascularity...how to deliver antibiotics? |
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Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis:
Clinical features? Name the 3 categories. |
Pain, inflammation, gnathic periosteal heperplasia, sclerosis and lucency.
1. Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis 2. Tendoperiostitis 3. SAPHO syndrome |
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Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis:
Define. |
Infectious process that is DIRECTLY responsible for the bony sclerosis.
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Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis:
Maxilla or mandible? Adult or children? Pain? |
Mandible.
Adults. Pain and swelling are not common. |
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Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis:
Radiographs? |
Increase radiodensity develops around sites of chronic infection.
May be multifocal or fill entire quadrant. |
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Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis:
Treatment? |
Removal of source of infection...often will allow for remodeling of bone.
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Chronic Tendoperiostitis:
Define. |
Reactive hyperplasia of bone caused by chronic overuse of the muscles of mastication.
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Chronic Tendoperiostitis:
Clinical features? |
Recurrent pain, swelling of the cheek and trismus.
No evidence of infection. Usually affects the angle of the mandible. |
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Chronic Tendoperiostitis:
Radiographs? |
Radiolucencies in areas of radiodensity around the angle of the mandible.
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SAPHO:
What does it stand for? |
Synovitis
Acne Pustulosis Hyperostosis Osteitis |
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Condensing Osteitis:
Another name? Define. |
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis.
Localized areas of bone sclerosis associated with the apices of teeth with pulpitis or pulpal necrosis. |
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Condensing Osteitis:
What age? Area of mouth? Enlargement of jaw? |
Children and young adults.
Mandibular pm/molar region. NO. |
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Condensing Osteitis:
Radiographs? |
Localized, uniform zone of radiodensity adjacent to the apex of tooth that exhibits a thickened PDL or apical inflammatory lesion.
*Early lesions may appear radiolucent toward apex with a radiodensity to the periphery.* |
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Condensing Osteitis:
What is the residual area of condensing osteitis that remains after extraction or root canal called? |
A bone scar.
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Osteomyelitis with Proliferative Periostitis:
2 other names? |
1. Periostitis Ossificans
2. Garre's Osteomyelitis |
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Osteomyelitis with Proliferative Periostitis:
Define. |
A periosteal reaction to inflammation (usually to a carious tooth), forming several rows of reactive, vital bone causing bone expansion.
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Osteomyelitis with Proliferative Periostitis:
Clinical features? |
Mean age is 13.
Onion skin radiograph. Non-painful swelling. |
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Alveolar Osteitis:
2 other names? |
1. Dry socket
2. Fibrinolytic alveolitis |