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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the palpebral fissure located?
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Between the margins of the lids
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Where are the tarsal glands? What is their function?
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Embedded within the tarsi
Secrete oily substance to prevent overflow of tears |
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What attaches to the superior tarsus?
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Levator palpebrae superirorisSuperior tarsal muscle
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What is the orbital septum? What does it fuse with inferiorly?
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i. Inferior continuation of periosteum that extends into eyelids
ii. Fuses with tarsi |
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Where is the lacrimal gland?
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Superior Lateral part of orbit
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What is the direction of flow of tears?
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Lateral to medial
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What provides parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland? Via what ganglion?
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i. Preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve
ii. Pterygopalatine ganglion |
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How does parasympathetic innervation arrive to the lacrimal gland after the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Postganglionic axons travel via Zygomatic (V2) then Lacrimal (V1)
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What provides sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal duct? Via what ganglion?
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i. Postganglionic axons from superior cervical ganglion
ii. Nerve of pterygoid canal |
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What nerves make up the nerve of the pterygoid canal?
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i. Deep petrosal nerve
ii. Greater petrosal nerve |
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What is the sclera?
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i. Outer, white fibrous layer of globe
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What is the choroid’s function?
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i. Provides inner retinal layer with oxygen supply and nutrients
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What is the ciliary body?
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i. Anterior continuation of the choroid
ii. Secretes aqueous humor |
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What is the sphincter pupillae? What is its innervation?
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i. Circular fibers
ii. Parasympathetic |
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What is the dilator pupillae? What is its innervation?
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i. Radial fibers
ii. Sympathetic |
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To where does aqueous humor empty?
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i. Scleral venous sinus
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What is glaucoma?
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i. Increased intraocular pressure due to blockage of the Canal of Schlemm
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What is the bulbar fascia?
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i. Surrounds eyeball forming a sheath
ii. Separates eyeball from orbital fat |
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What are the check ligaments? What are their functions?
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i. Medial and lateral expansions of bulbar sheath
ii. Limit abduction and adduction of eyeball |
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What is the action of the orbicularis oculi? Innervation?
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i. Gentle eye-closing (sleep, blinking)
ii. Facial nerve |
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What is the action of the levator palpebrae superioris? Innervation
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i. Raises upper eyelid
ii. Oculomotor nerve |
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What is the superior tarsal muscle? Innervation?
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i. Smooth muscle that retracts eyelid
ii. Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic) |
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d. From where do the four rectus muscles arise?
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i. Common tendinous ring
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e. What is the action of the superior rectus? Innervation?
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i. Elevate, adduct, intort eyeball
ii. Oculomotor (superior) |
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f. What is the action of the inferior rectus? Innervation?
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i. Depresses, adducts, extort eyeball
ii. Oculomotor (inferior) |
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g. What is the action of the medial rectus? Innervation?
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i. Adduction of eyeball
ii. Oculomotor (inferior) |
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h. What is the action of the lateral rectus? Innervation?
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i. Abducts eyeball
ii. Abducent nerve |
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i. What is the action of the superior oblique? Innervation?
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i. Intorsion, depression, and abduction of eyeball
ii. Trochlear nerve |
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j. What is unique about the inferior oblique?
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i. Only extrinsic muscle that does not arise form the posterior part of the orbit
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k. What is the action of the inferior oblique? Innervation?
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i. Extorsion, elevates, abducts eyeball
ii. Oculomotor (inferior) |
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a. To where does the central artery of the retina travel? What does it accompany?
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Retina, Optic nerve
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b. What are the branches of the lacrimal artery?
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Short Posterior Ciliary
ii. Lateral palebral branches iii. Zygomatic branches |
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c. What do the long and short posterior ciliary arteries perfuse?
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i. Inside of eyeball
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d. Where does the supraorbital artery run?
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i. Through supraorbital notch to forehead and scalp to vertex
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e. What does the posterior ethmoidal artery supply?
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i. Ethomidal air cells
ii. Superior nasal cavity |
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f. What does the anterior ethmoidal artery supply?
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i. Nasal cavity
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g. What are the branches of the anterior ethmoidal artery?
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i. Anterior meningeal artery
ii. Ends as alteral nasal artery |
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h. What does the supratrochlear artery supply?
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i. Forehead
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i. What are the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery?
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i. Dorsal nasal
ii. Supratrochlear |
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j. What does the dorsal nasal artery supply?
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i. Upper surface of nose
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k. What does the muscular artery supply?
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i. Intrinsic muscles of eye
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l. What does the medial palpebral artery supply?
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i. Area medial to upper and lower eyelid
ii. Nasolacrimal duct |
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a. With what structures does the superior ophthalmic vein communicate? What is a name for this complex?
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i. Supraorbital and angular veins
ii. “Triangle of danger” |
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b. With what does the inferior ophthalmic vein communicate?
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i. Pterygoid plexus of veins
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a. What is papilledema?
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i. Increase in CSF causes bulging of optic disc
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c. What are the branches of the frontal nerve?
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i. Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
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f. What does the posterior ethmoidal nerve supply?
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i. Ethmoid
ii. Sphenoid air sinuses |
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g. What does the anterior ethmoidal nerve supply?
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i. Anterior cranial fossa
ii. Nasal cavity iii. Skin on lower half of nose |
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h. What does the infratrochlear nerve supply?
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i. Skin on upper half of nose
ii. Medial eyelid |
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b. What does the trochlear nerve supply?
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i. Superior oblique
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c. What is a sign of a trochlear nerve injury?
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i. Vertical diplopia
ii. Patients tilt head forward to bring fields together iii. Torsional diplopia |
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What does the abducent nerve supply?
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ii. Lateral rectus
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b. What is the nerve dysfunction of the abducent nerve?
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i. Esotropia→ convergent squint
ii. Patient may turn face towards side of affected eye |
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b. What types of fibers does the oculomotor nerve carry?
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i. Somatic motor and visceromotor fibers
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c. What does the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervate?
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ii. Levator palpebrae superioris
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d. What does the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervate?
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i. Medial rectus
ii. Inferior rectus iii. Inferior oblique |
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e. Where is the ciliary ganglion?
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i. Between optic nerve and lateral rectus
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f. What is damaged in Horner’s syndrome of the oculomotor? What are the symptoms?
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i. Superior cervical ganglion
ii. Ptosis, misosis, anhydrosis |
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g. What is the sign of oculomotor palsy? What muscle is non-functional?
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i. “Down and out” eye
ii. Medial rectus |