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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Class |
Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Mechanism of Action |
Selective beta-2 agonist that stimulates adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system resulting in smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Indications |
Treatment of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (COPD/asthma). Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Contraindications |
Known prior sensitivity reactions to albuterol. Tachycardia arrhythmias, especially those caused by digitalis. Synergistic with other sympathomimetics. Heart rate > 160 bpm.
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Adverse Reactions |
Often dose-related and include restlessness, tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, increased blood pressure, and paradoxical bronchospasm.
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Drug Interactions |
Tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate vasculature effects. Beta blockers are antagonistic. May potentiate hypokalemia caused by diuretics.
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Dosages/Routes |
Adult: Administer 2.5 mg. Dilute 0.5 mL of 0.5% solution for inhalation with 2.5 mL NS in nebulizer and administer over 10-15 minutes. MDI: 1-2 inhalations (90-180μg). Five minutes between inhalations.
Peds: Administer solution of 0.01-0.03 mL (0.05-0.15 mg/kg/dose) diluted in 2 mL of 0.9% NS. May repeat every 20 minutes three times. |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Class |
Anticholinergic
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Mechanism of Action |
Bronchodilator used in the treatment of respiratory emergencies that causes bronchial dilation and dries respiratory secretions by blocking acetylcholine receptors.
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Indications |
Bronchospams associated with asthma, COPD, and inhaled irritants.
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Contraindications |
Hypersensitivity to Atropine or its derivatives, or as a primary treatment for bronchospasms. Peanut allergy.
Precautions: Elderly, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension. |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Dosages/Routes |
Adult: 500 mcg (0.5 mg) in 2.5-3 mL NS via nebulizer or 2 sprays from MDI.
Peds: 125-250 mcg in 2.5-3 mL NS via nebulizer or 1-2 sprays from MDI. |
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Magnesium Sulfate
Class |
Electrolyte
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Magnesium Sulfate
Mechanism of Action |
Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction, manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy, induces uterine relaxation, can cause bronchodilation after beta-agonists and anticholinergics have been used.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Indications |
Seizures of eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy), torsades de pointes, hypomagnesemia, Class IIa agent for V-fib/pulseless V-tach that is refractory to lidocaine.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Contraindications |
Heart blocks, myocardial damage.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Adverse Reactions |
CNS depression, facial flushing, diaphoresis, despressed reflexes, circulatory collapse, hypotension.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Drug Interactions |
May enhance effects of other CNS depressants, serious changes in overall cardiac function may occur with cardiac glycosides.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Dosages/Routes |
Adult: Seizure activity associated with pregnancy: 1-4 g IV/IO over 3 minutes; maximum dose of 30-40 g/day. Cardiac arrest due to hypomagnesemia or torsades de pointes: 1-2 g (2-4 mL of a 50% solution) diluted in 10 mL of D5W IV/IO over 5-20 minutes. Torsades de pointes with a pulse or AMI with hypomagnesemia: Loading dose of 1-2 g mixed in 50-100 mL D5W over 5-60 minutes IV. Follow with 0.5-1 g/hr IV (titrate to control torsades de pointes).
Peds: IV/IO infusion: 25-50 mg/kg (maximum dose: 2 g) over 10-20 minutes; faster for torsades de pointes. For asthma: 25-50 mg/kg (maximum dose: 2 g) over 10-20 minutes. |
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Class |
Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Mechanism of Action |
Synthetic corticosteroid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation; potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic agonists.
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Indications |
Acute spinal cord trauma, anaphylaxis, bronchodilator for unresponsive asthma.
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Contraindications |
Premature infants, systemic fungal infections; use with caution in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Adverse Reactions |
Headache, hypertension, sodium and water retention, CHF, hypokalemia, alkalosis, peptic ulcer disease, nausea, vomiting.
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Drug Interactions |
Hypoglycemic responses to insulin and hypoglycemic agents may be blunted. Potassium-depleting agents may exacerbate hypokalemic effects.
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Dosages/Routes |
Adult: Acute spinal cord injury: 30 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes followed by infusion: 5.4 mg/kg/h. Asthma/COPD: 1-2 mg/kg IV.
Peds: Acute spinal cord trauma: 30 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes; infusion: 5.4 mg/kg/h. Asthma: 1-2 mg/kg/dose IV. |
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