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107 Cards in this Set
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Drop Zone References |
AFI 13-217 Drop Zone and Landing Zone Operations. AFI 11-231 Computed Air Release Point Procedures. FM 3-21.38 Pathfinder Operations. TC 3-21.220 Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training. USASOC REG. 350-2 Training Airborne Operations. AFI 11-2C-130v3 C130 Operations Procedures. AFI 11-2C-17v3 C-17 Operations Procedures. |
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Reference for the Ground Element for Drop Zone Operations |
AFI 13-217. |
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Reference for GMRS Operations. |
USASOC REG. 350-2 |
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Definition of a Drop Zone |
designated area where personnel and/or equipment are delivered by means of a parachute or free drop. |
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Drop Zone requirements for Peace-Time |
- government owned or government leased. - current survey or tactical assessment. |
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Drop Zone Selection Factors |
(A SODA MAT) - Airdrop Airspeed. - Size of Drop Zone. - Obstacles. - Drop Altitude. - Access. - Method of Airdrop. - Adequate Approach and Departure Routes. - Type of Airdrop. |
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DZSTL = |
Drop Zone Support Team Leader |
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DZSTL role in drop zone selection |
advise the Ground Unit Commander on suitability. |
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Ground Unit Commander role in drop zone selection |
Ground Unit Commander selects the DZ. |
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Weighing Drop Zone Selection Factors' importance |
- equal importance. |
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STOL = |
Short Take-Off and Landing |
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Selection of Airspeed for combination drops. |
Use higher airspeed. |
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Difference between Knots and KIAS |
Knots (nautical mile per hour) - speed relative to ground. KIAS (knots indicated airspeed) - speed through medium (A/C flying at 150 KIAS with 30-knot headwind is traveling 120 KIAS with respect to ground). |
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Measure airspeed in knots or KIAS? |
KIAS |
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Drop Altitude is measured from _______. |
Above Ground Level (AGL). |
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Some drop aircraft may request drop altitude in _____________. |
Mean Sea Level (MSL). |
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Rounding Field Elevation |
Up to nearest 50 feet. |
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If rotary-wing / STOL aircraft is flying 90 KIAS or faster, the aircraft can drop personnel at _______. |
1250 feet AGL, except UH-series aircraft. |
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Definition of a combination drop |
- Different aircraft in a formation are dropping different loads during the same pass over the DZ. - Different types of loads are exiting the same aircraft during the same pass over the DZ. |
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Selection of altitude for combination drop |
Highest airdrop altitude |
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Minimum airdrop altitude for equipment using the 5,000 lb, 10,000 lb, or 15,000 lb parachute release system. |
1000 Feet AGL or by parachute type (whichever is higher). |
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When to use parachute release system (PRS) |
High wind conditions |
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Types of delivery for airdrop items |
- Low velocity: sensitive equipment and personnel; prevent damage or injury. - High velocity: stabilize the load; acceptable landing shock. - Free drop: non-sensitive items; no parachute. |
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Caution should be taken when using high velocity or free drop around ______ or _______. |
- Built up areas. - Airfields. |
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Methods of Airdrop |
- Personnel and Door Bundles: self-exits, is pushed, or is skidded from door or ramp. - Gravity: nose-high attitude, rolls out. - Extraction: extraction parachute pulls load. |
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Personnel Airdrop exit interval |
One second for each jumper, starting after first jumper exits. |
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On _____ and _____ drop zones, allow ______ seconds for each door bundle to exit. |
- GMRS. - VIRS. - three. |
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On _____ drop zones, ________ are treated the same as ______. |
- CARP. - door bundles. - personnel. |
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Obstacles to personnel |
Any feature, natural or man-made, that would pose a hazard to the jumper or prevent jumper from accomplishing mission. |
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Obstacles to equipment. |
Any feature, natural or man-made, that may hinder recovery or cause damage to load. |
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Primary Obstacles |
- Trees: 35 feet or higher. - Water: 4 feat or deeper and 40 feet wide at widest point; within 1000 meters of any edge of the DZ; the DZSTL can declare any body of water a water obstacle. - Power lines: 50 volts or greater, within 1000 meters of any edge of the DZ. |
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Action if power lines are located within 1000 meters of any boundary of the DZ. |
Coordinate with Power Company to shut off power NLT 15 minutes prior to TOT. |
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Guidance for Drop Zone Access |
- Avoid major obstacles to personnel and equipment between the DZ and the objective. - Ensure that adequate routes are available for equipment recovery. |
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Evaluating Adequate Approach and Departure Routes |
- No-Fly Areas (Impact Areas are NOT). - Obstacles to the aircraft (man-made). - Terrain higher than the DZ (natural). - Enemy situation and location. |
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Size of a VIRS drop zone is dictated by: |
FM 3-21.38. |
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Size of a ____ drop zone is dictated by FM 3-21.38. |
VIRS. |
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Size of a GMRS drop zone is dictated by: |
USASOC Reg. 350-2. |
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Size of a ____ drop zone is dictated by USASOC Reg. 350-2. |
GMRS. |
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Size of a CARP drop zone is dictated by: |
AFI 13-217. |
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Size of a _____ drop zone is dictated by AFI 13-217. |
CARP. |
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Primary reference for CARP Drop Zones. |
AFI 13-217. |
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Secondary reference for CARP Drop Zones. |
AFI 11-231. |
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DZST = |
Drop Zone Support Team |
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PI = |
Point of Impact |
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Actions of DZST Party on DZ |
locate and mark PI. |
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CARP = |
Computer Air Release Point |
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Who determines the Release Point? |
Aircraft Navigator. |
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Placement of PI for HAARS (CARP)
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Center of the DZ
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Placement of PI for HV-CDS (CARP)
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Center of the DZ for the first item released (center of required length for the first item: factors are initial "1NA" of "1NANAS").
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Conditions under which Random Points of Impact may be used |
Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) only. |
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RPI = |
Random Points of Impact |
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RPI Options - planning requirements |
- notify 24 hours in advance. - minimum DZ size requirements are met. - entire DZ falls within surveyed boundaries. - preferred DZ for contingency resupply. - Option One: DZSTL randomly selects PI. - Option Two: Mission Commander or Supported Force Commander requests specific PI. |
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Random Approach / Circular DZs have ______ |
no set drop heading. |
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Definition of Random Approach DZ |
Variation of previously surveyed DZ, of sufficient size to permit multiple run-in headings. |
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The _______ option is the Air-Force preferred option for Circular / Random Approach. |
Surveyed (option 1) |
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The Surveyed Option is the ______ preferred option for Circular / Random Approach.
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Air Force. |
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The ________ option is the Army-preferred option for Circular / Random Approach. |
Mission Specific (option 2). |
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The Mission Specific option is the ______ - preferred option for Circular / Random Approach. |
Army. |
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Placement of PI in a Surveyed DZ |
- center of circular DZ. |
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Placement of PI in a Mission Specific DZ |
- offset from center of circular DZ. |
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Radius of Surveyed DZ |
From PI (center of circle) to corner. |
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Radius of Mission Specific DZ. |
From Center of Mass of DZ (and center of circle) to circle. |
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Air Force and Army Fixed Wing Aircraft instruments work in units of _____ |
feet from MSL (Mean Sea Level) |
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How to measure MSL |
round up to nearest increment of 50 feet. |
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All drop altitudes are expressed in: |
feet AGL (Above Ground Level) |
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Alll ______ altitudes are expressed in feet AGL. |
Drop. |
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PI can be offset to both sides of the surveyed PI _____ for _____ and ____ for _______. |
- 125 yards for 2 x C-17s. - 250 yards for 3 x C-17s. |
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PI can be delayed for __________. |
Placement of equipment. |
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New PIs must be relayed to the aircraft by the DZSTL NLT _______ prior to ______ for ____________. |
- 15 minutes. - TOT. - C-17 and C-130J. |
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______ is the minimum required and primary marking for __________, per __________. |
- RAM. - day drops. - FM 3-21.38. |
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RAM is the ________ and _________ marking for day drops, per FM 3-21.38 |
- minimum required. - primary. |
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Block letters authorized for RAM on rectangular DZs |
- J - C - A - R - S |
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Block letters authorized for RAM on circular DZs. |
- H - O |
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Minimum size of RAM Code Letter |
35 ft x 35 ft |
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Lighting requirement for RAM Code Letter |
9 white omni-directional lights. |
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RAM markings during day |
VS-17 |
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Location of the control center is determined by |
type of mission |
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Location of control center: personnel drops / door bundles. |
At PI. |
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Location of control center: DRAS and CDS drops |
200 yards to 6 o'clock of PI. |
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Location of control center: heavy equipment drops |
300 yards to 6 o'clock of PI |
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Location of Control center: HV-CDS, actual IMC (ceiling of 600 feet or less), HAARS, free drops, AWADS: |
off the drop zone. |
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Location of Amber Rotating Beacon |
1000 meters or tail edge of DZ, on drop heading (from RAM). |
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Location of left & right flanker lights |
90 degrees off of PI (from drop heading), 250 meters (500 meters between the two lights). |
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Number of lights on a DZ, with RAM, both flanker lights, and amber rotating beacon. |
11. |
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Striker Report form |
AF 4304 |
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Measurement of landing of first jumper ______ from PI de-certifies aircrews. |
300 yards. |
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Drop Zone / Landing Zone Control Log: form |
AF 4304 |
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AF 4304 is forwarded to _____, then to ____. |
- S3 Air. - AMLO. |
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DZSTL establishes control center, accounting for pertinent factors like: |
- Winds. - Positive control of the DZ. - Unobstructed view of the DZ. - Surrounding airspace. - Security requirements. Must always consider safety. |
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Strike report: if #1 parachutist lands _______ of PI, score using ______. |
- within 25 yards. - "PI". |
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If #1 jumper can be observed, measure distance using methods: |
- Estimated. - Paced. - Measured. |
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If #1 jumper can't be observed: |
- Less than 90% land on DZ, score "U". - At least 90% land on DZ, score "S". |
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Reference: Drop Zone and Landing Zone Operations |
AFI 13-217 |
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Reference: AFI 13-217 |
Drop Zone and Landing Zone Operations (Ground Element) |
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Reference: Computed Air Release Point Procedures |
AFI 11-231 |
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Reference: AFI 11-231 |
Computed Air Release Point Procedures |
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Reference: FM 3-21.38 |
Pathfinder Operations
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Reference: Pathfinder Operations
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FM 3-21.38 |
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Reference: Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training |
TC 3-21.220 |
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Reference: TC 3-21.220 |
Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training |
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Reference: Training Airborne Operations |
USASOC REG 350-2 |
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Reference: USASOC REG 350-2 |
Training Airborne Operations (GMRS ops) |
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Reference: C-130 Operations Procedures |
AFI 11-2C-130v3 |
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Reference: AFI 11-2C-130v3 |
C-130 Operations Procedures |
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Reference: C-17 Operations Procedures |
AFI 11-2C-17v3 |
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Reference: AFI 11-2C-17v3 |
C-17 Operations Procedures |
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CARP Markings diagram |
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